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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §44.7.35.pr-44.7.35.1

Time Limits of Praetorian Actions and Effect on Heirs

Passage 7320 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

The text discusses the time limits of honorary actions and their availability against heirs, distinguishing between actions for the recovery of a thing and others, and notes an exception for actions against municipal authorities.

[IDEM libro primo ad edictum praetoris. ] §44.7.35.prIn honorariis actionibus sic esse definiendum Cassius ait, ut quae rei persecutionem habeant, hae etiam post annum darentur, ceterae intra annum.
[THE SAME, from his first book on the Edict of the Praetor.] Cassius says that in the case of honorary actions it should be defined in this way: namely, that those which involve the recovery of a thing should be granted even after a year, while the others within a year.
honorariae autem, quae post annum non dantur, nec in heredem dandae sunt, ut tamen lucrum ei extorqueatur, sicut fit in actione doli mali et interdicto unde ui et similibus.
Moreover, honorary actions which are not granted after a year are also not to be granted against an heir, provided, however, that any gain is wrested from him, as happens in the action for fraud, the interdict concerning force, and the like.
illae autem rei persecutionem continent, quibus persequimur quod ex patrimonio nobis abest, ut cum agimus cum bonorum possessore debitoris nostri, item Publiciana, quae ad exemplum uindicationis datur.
Now, those actions involve the recovery of a thing by which we pursue what is missing from our patrimony, as when we bring an action against the possessor of the goods of our debtor, and likewise the Publician action, which is granted after the pattern of a vindication.
sed cum rescissa usucapione redditur, anno finitur, quia contra ius ciuile datur.
But when it is granted upon the rescission of usucaption, it is limited to a year, because it is granted contrary to the civil law.
§44.7.35.1In duumuiros et rem publicam etiam post annum actio datur ex contractu magistratuum municipalium.
Against the duumvirs and the municipality, an action is granted even after a year based on a contract of the municipal magistrates.

Notes

  1. §44.7.35.prut tamen lucrum ei extorqueatur — The phrase 'ut tamen' with the subjunctive 'extorqueatur' introduces a limitative or restrictive clause, establishing an exception to the general rule that actions are not granted against heirs, specifically restricting the liability to the extent of depriving the heir of any unjust enrichment.
  2. §44.7.35.prrescissa usucapione — An ablative absolute construction using the perfect passive participle of 'rescindere' ('the usucaption having been rescinded'). It refers to a specific type of Publician action where the completion of usucaption is fictitiously rescinded to allow the recovery of property.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §44.7.35.pr-44.7.35.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:44.7.35.pr-44.7.35.1

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