[IDEM libro singulari de concurrentibus actionibus. ] §44.7.34.prQui seruum alienum iniuriose uerberat, ex uno facto incidit et in Aquiliam et in actionem iniuriarum: iniuria enim ex affectu fit, damnum ex culpa et ideo possunt utraeque competere.
[THE SAME, from his single book on Concurrent Actions.] He who injuriously beats another's slave, by a single act falls under both the Aquilian law and the action for insult: for insult arises from intent, damage from fault, and therefore both actions can compete.
sed quidam altera electa alteram consumi.
But some think that when one action is chosen, the other is consumed.
alii per legis Aquiliae actionem iniuriarum consumi, quoniam desiit bonum et aequum esse condemnari eum, qui aestimationem praestitit: sed si ante iniuriarum actum esset, teneri eum ex lege Aquilia.
Others think that the action for insult is consumed by the Aquilian action, since it ceases to be good and equitable that he who has paid the valuation should be condemned; but if the action for insult had been brought first, he remains liable under the Aquilian law.
sed et haec sententia per praetorem inhibenda est, nisi in id, quod amplius ex lege Aquilia competit, agatur.
But even this opinion must be restrained by the praetor, unless the suit is brought for that which is more recoverable under the Aquilian law.
rationabilius itaque est eam admitti sententiam, ut liceat ei quam uoluerit actionem prius exercere, quod autem amplius in altera est, etiam hoc exsequi.
Therefore, it is more reasonable that that opinion be admitted, namely, that he be permitted to bring whichever action he wishes first, and to pursue also whatever more there is in the other.
§44.7.34.1Si is, cui rem commodauero, eam subripuerit, tenebitur quidem et commodati actione et condictione, sed altera actio alteram peremit aut ipso iure aut per exceptionem, quod est tutius.
If he to whom I have lent a thing should steal it, he will indeed be liable both under the action on loan and by condictio, but one action extinguishes the other either by operation of law or by exception, which is safer.
§44.7.34.2Hinc de colono responsum est, si aliquid ex fundo subtraxerit, teneri eum condictione et furti, quin etiam ex locato: et poena quidem furti non confunditur, illae autem inter se miscentur.
Hence it has been answered concerning a tenant farmer, that if he has purloined anything from the farm, he is liable to condictio and the action for theft, and indeed also under the lease: and indeed the penalty for theft is not merged, but those other actions are merged with one another.
et hoc in legis Aquiliae actione dicitur, si tibi commodauero uestimenta et tu ea ruperis: utraeque enim actiones rei persecutionem continent.
And this is also said in the case of the action under the Aquilian law, if I have lent you garments and you have torn them: for both actions involve the recovery of the thing.
et quidem post legis Aquiliae actionem utique commodati finietur: post commodati an Aquiliae remaneat in eo, quod in repetitione triginta dierum amplius est, dubitatur: sed uerius est remanere, quia simplo accedit: et simplo subducto locum non habet.
And indeed, after the action under the Aquilian law, the action on loan is certainly terminated: after the action on loan, whether the Aquilian action remains with respect to what is more in the thirty-day assessment, is doubted: but the truer view is that it remains, because it is added to the simple value; and even if the simple value is deducted, it still has place.