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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §44.1.3.pr

Peremptory and Dilatory Exceptions and Their Examples

Passage 7192 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Gaius classifies exceptions into perpetual/peremptory and temporary/dilatory, providing definitions and concrete examples for each category, such as those concerning fraud, res judicata, agreements, and procurators.

[GAIUS libro primo ad edictum prouinciale. ] §44.1.3.prExceptiones aut perpetuae et peremptoriae sunt aut temporales et dilatoriae.
[GAIUS in the first book on the provincial Edict.] Exceptions are either perpetual and peremptory, or temporary and dilatory.
perpetuae atque peremptoriae sunt, quae semper locum habent nec euitari possunt, qualis est doli mali et rei iudicatae et si quid contra legem senatusue consultum factum esse dicetur, item pacti conuenti perpetui, id est ne omnino pecunia petatur.
Perpetual and peremptory are those which always have place and cannot be avoided, such as the exception of fraud, of res judicata, and if it is alleged that something has been done contrary to a law or a senate decree, likewise of a perpetual agreement, that is, that the money should not be demanded at all.
temporales atque dilatoriae sunt, quae non semper locum habent, sed euitari possunt, qualis est pacti conuenti temporalis, id est ne forte intra quinquennium ageretur: procuratoriae quoque exceptiones dilatoriae sunt, quae euitari possunt.
Temporary and dilatory are those which do not always have place, but can be avoided, such as that of a temporary agreement, that is, lest by chance an action be brought within five years; procuratorial exceptions are also dilatory, which can be avoided.

Notes

  1. §44.1.3.prqualis est doli mali — After 'qualis est', genitive noun phrases ('doli mali', 'rei iudicatae', 'pacti conuenti perpetui') and a conditional clause ('si quid... dicetur') are coordinated. These genitives modify the omitted nominative singular noun 'exceptio', meaning 'the exception of...'.
  2. §44.1.3.prne forte intra quinquennium ageretur — The subjunctive imperfect 'ageretur' is used as an impersonal passive ('an action be brought') in the 'ne' clause explaining the content of the agreement ('pactum conuentum'), with the tense adjusted to the imperfect due to the sequence of tenses (or reference to the past moment of the agreement).

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §44.1.3.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:44.1.3.pr

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