[UENULEIUS libro secundo interdictorum. ] §43.24.22.prSi uitem meam ex fundo meo in fundum tuum deprehenderis eaque in fundo tuo coaluerit, utile est interdictum quod ui aut clam intra annum: sed si annus praeterierit, nullam remanere actionem radices, quae in fundo meo sint, tuas fieri, quia his accessiones sint.
[VENULEIUS, in the second book on Interdicts.] If you have bent my grapevine from my land into your land and it has taken root in your land, a useful interdict "concerning force or clandestinely" is available within a year; but if a year has elapsed, no action remains, and the roots that are in my land become yours, because they are accessions to them.
§43.24.22.1Si quis ui aut clam arauerit, puto eum teneri hoc interdicto perinde atque si fossam fecisset: non enim ex qualitate operis huic interdicto locus est, sed ex opere facto, quod cohaeret solo.
If anyone has plowed by force or clandestinely, I think he is liable under this interdict just as if he had dug a ditch; for the application of this interdict does not arise from the quality of the work, but from the work done which adheres to the soil.
§43.24.22.2Si ad ianuam meam tabulas fixeris et ego eas, priusquam tibi denuntiarem, refixero, deinde inuicem interdicto quod ui aut clam egerimus: nisi remittas mihi, ut absoluar, condemnandum te, quasi rem non restituas, quanti mea intersit, aut certe exceptionem mihi profuturam 'si non ui nec clam nec precario feceris'.
If you have fixed tablets to my door, and I, before giving you notice, have removed them, and then we have sued each other under the interdict "concerning force or clandestinely": unless you release me so that I am acquitted, you must be condemned, as if you do not restore the thing, for the amount of my interest, or at least the exception "unless you have done it neither by force, nor clandestinely, nor by precarious tenure" will benefit me.
§43.24.22.3Si stercus per fundum meum tuleris, cum id te facere uetuissem, quamquam nihil damni feceris mihi nec fundi mei mutaueris, tamen teneri te quod ui aut clam Trebatius ait. Labeo contra, ne etiam is, qui dumtaxat iter per fundum meum fecerit aut auem egerit uenatusue fuerit sine ullo opere, hoc interdicto teneatur.
If you have carried dung through my land when I had forbidden you to do so, although you have caused no damage to me nor changed my land, nevertheless Trebatius says you are liable "concerning force or clandestinely." Labeo is of the contrary opinion, so that even a person who has merely made a passage through my land, or driven a bird, or hunted without any work being done, should not be held liable under this interdict.
§43.24.22.4Si quis proiectum aut stillicidium in sepulchrum immiserit, etiamsi ipsum monumentum non tangeret, recte cum eo agi, quod in sepulchro ui aut clam factum sit, quia sepulchri sit non solum is locus, qui recipiat humationem, sed omne etiam supra id caelum: eoque nomine etiam sepulchri uiolati agi posse.
If anyone has extended a projection or a dripline over a tomb, even if it did not touch the monument itself, an action is rightly brought against him for what was done on the tomb by force or clandestinely, because not only the place that receives the burial belongs to the tomb, but also all the airspace above it; and on that account, an action for violating a tomb can also be brought.
§43.24.22.5Si is, qui denuntiauerit se opus facturum, confestim opus fecerit, clam fecisse non intellegitur: nam si post tempus, uidebitur clam fecisse.
If he who has given notice that he will do some work has done the work immediately, he is not understood to have done it clandestinely; for if he does it after some time, he will be seen to have done it clandestinely.