[PAULUS libro quinquagensimo quarto ad edictum. ] §41.2.1.prPossessio appellata est, ut et Labeo ait, a sedibus quasi positio, quia naturaliter tenetur ab eo qui ei insistit, quam Graeci κατοχήν dicunt.
[PAULUS in the fifty-fourth book on the Edict.] Possession is so called, as Labeo also says, from "seats" as if a "position", because it is naturally held by him who stands upon it, which the Greeks call κατοχήν.
§41.2.1.1Dominiumque rerum ex naturali possessione coepisse Nerua filius ait eiusque rei uestigium remanere in his, quae terra mari caeloque capiuntur: nam haec protinus eorum fiunt, qui primi possessionem eorum adprehenderint.
And Nerva the son says that ownership of things began from natural possession, and that a trace of this remains in those things which are captured on land, sea, and in the sky: for these immediately become the property of those who first take possession of them.
item bello capta et insula in mari enata et gemmae lapilli margaritae in litoribus inuentae eius fiunt, qui primus eorum possessionem nanctus est.
Likewise, things captured in war, an island risen in the sea, and gems, stones, and pearls found on the shores become the property of him who first obtained possession of them.
§41.2.1.2Apiscimur autem possessionem per nosmet ipsos.
We acquire possession, however, through ourselves.
§41.2.1.3Furiosus, et pupillus sine tutoris auctoritate, non potest incipere possidere, quia affectionem tenendi non habent, licet maxime corpore suo rem contingant, sicuti si quis dormienti aliquid in manu ponat.
A madman, and a ward without the authority of his tutor, cannot begin to possess, because they do not have the intention of holding, even if they touch the thing with their body to the greatest extent, just as if someone should place something in the hand of a sleeping person.
sed pupillus tutore auctore incipiet possidere.
But a ward will begin to possess with the authority of his tutor.
Ofilius quidem et Nerua filius etiam sine tutoris auctoritate possidere incipere posse pupillum aiunt: eam enim rem facti, non iuris esse: quae sententia recipi potest, si eius aetatis sint, ut intellectum capiant.
Ofilius indeed and Nerva the son say that a ward can begin to possess even without the authority of his tutor: for they say that this matter is of fact, not of law; which opinion can be accepted, if they are of such an age as to be capable of understanding.
§41.2.1.4Si uir uxori cedat possessione donationis causa, plerique putant possidere eam, quoniam res facti infirmari iure ciuili non potest: et quid attinet dicere non possidere mulierem, cum maritus, ubi noluit possidere, protinus amiserit possessionem?
If a husband yields possession to his wife for the sake of a gift, most think that she possesses, because a matter of fact cannot be invalidated by civil law: and what is the point of saying that the woman does not possess, when the husband, as soon as he did not wish to possess, immediately lost possession?
§41.2.1.5Item adquirimus possessionem per seruum aut filium, qui in potestate est, et quidem earum rerum, quas peculiariter tenent, etiam ignorantes, sicut Sabino et Cassio et Iuliano placuit, quia nostra uoluntate intellegantur possidere, qui eis peculium habere permiserimus.
Likewise, we acquire possession through a slave or a son who is in our power, and indeed of those things which they hold as their peculium, even without our knowledge, as was approved by Sabinus, Cassius, and Julian, because they are understood to possess by our will, we who have permitted them to have a peculium.
igitur ex causa peculiari et infans et furiosus adquirunt possessionem et usucapiunt, et heres, si hereditarius seruus emat.
Therefore, from the cause of the peculium, both an infant and a madman acquire possession and acquire by usucapion, and also an heir, if a slave of the inheritance should buy something.
§41.2.1.6Sed et per eum, quem bona fide possidemus, quamuis alienus sit uel liber, possessionem adquiremus.
But we also acquire possession through one whom we possess in good faith, although he is another's slave or a free man.
si mala fide eum possideamus, non puto adquiri nobis possessionem per eum: sed nec uero domino aut sibi adquiret, qui ab alio possidetur.
If we possess him in bad faith, I do not think possession is acquired for us through him: but neither will he acquire for his true master or for himself, who is possessed by another.
§41.2.1.7Per communem sicut per proprium adquirimus, etiam singuli in solidum, si hoc agat seruus, ut uni adquirat, sicut in dominio adquirendo.
Through a common slave, just as through our own, we acquire, even individually in full, if the slave acts to acquire for one of us, just as in acquiring ownership.
§41.2.1.8Per eum, in quo usum fructum habemus, possidere possumus, sicut ex operis suis adquirere nobis solet: nec ad rem pertinet, quod ipsum non possidemus: nam nec filium.
Through one in whom we have a usufruct, we can possess, just as he is accustomed to acquire for us from his labors: nor is it relevant that we do not possess him himself; for neither do we possess a son.
§41.2.1.9Ceterum et ille, per quem uolumus possidere, talis esse debet, ut habeat intellectum possidendi: §41.2.1.10Et ideo si furiosum seruum miseris, ut possideas, nequaquam uideris adprehendisse possessionem.
But also he through whom we wish to possess must be such as to have the understanding of possessing: And therefore, if you send a mad slave in order to possess, you are by no means seen to have taken possession.
§41.2.1.11Quod si impuberem miseris ad possidendum, incipies possidere, sicut pupillus, maxime tutore auctore, adquirit possessionem.
But if you send a child under puberty to take possession, you will begin to possess, just as a ward acquires possession, especially with the authority of his tutor.
§41.2.1.12Nam per ancillam quin possis nancisci possessionem, non dubitatur.
For there is no doubt that you can obtain possession through a female slave.
§41.2.1.13Pupillus per seruum siue puberem siue inpuberem adquirit possessionem, si tutore auctore iusserit eum ire in possessionem.
A ward acquires possession through a slave, whether adult or under puberty, if, with the authority of his tutor, he ordered him to enter into possession.