[PAULUS libro quinquagensimo quarto ad edictum. ] §41.2.1.14Per seruum, qui in fuga sit, nihil posse nos possidere Nerua filius ait, licet respondeatur, quamdiu ab alio non possideatur, a nobis eum possideri ideoque interim etiam usucapi.
[PAULUS in the fifty-fourth book on the Edict.] Nerva the son says that we can possess nothing through a slave who is in flight, although it may be replied that as long as he is not possessed by another, he is possessed by us, and therefore in the meantime he is also acquired by usucapion.
sed utilitatis causa receptum est, ut impleatur usucapio, quamdiu nemo nactus sit eius possessionem.
But for the sake of utility it has been accepted that usucapion is completed as long as no one has taken possession of him.
possessionem autem per eum adquiri, sicut per eos, quos in prouincia habemus, Cassii et Iuliani sententia est.
That possession, however, is acquired through him, just as through those whom we have in a province, is the opinion of Cassius and Julian.
§41.2.1.15Per seruum corporaliter pignori datum non adquirere nos possessionem Iulianus ait (ad unam enim tantum causam uideri eum a debitore possideri, ad usucapionem), nec creditori, quia nec stipulatione nec ullo alio modo per eum adquirat, quamuis eum possideat.
Julian says that we do not acquire possession through a slave physically given in pledge (for he is seen to be possessed by the debtor for only one purpose, namely for usucapion), nor does the creditor, because although he possesses him, he does not acquire through him either by stipulation or in any other way.
§41.2.1.16Ueteres putauerunt non posse nos per seruum hereditarium adquirere, quod sit eiusdem hereditatis.
The ancients thought that we could not acquire through a slave belonging to an inheritance, because he belongs to the same inheritance.
itaque agitatur, num haec regula longius producenda sit, ut, si plures serui legati sint, per unum an possint ceteri possideri.
Therefore it is discussed whether this rule should be extended further, so that, if several slaves are bequeathed, the others can be possessed through one.
idem tractatus est, si pariter empti uel donati sunt.
The same is discussed if they have been bought or donated together.
sed uerius est ex his causis posse me per unum reliquorum adquirere possessionem.
But it is more correct that for these reasons I can acquire possession of the remaining ones through one of them.
§41.2.1.17Si ex parte heredi instituto seruus legatus sit, propter partem, quam ex causa legati habet, adquiret fundi hereditarii possessionem.
If a slave is bequeathed to one instituted as heir for a part, he will acquire possession of land belonging to the inheritance in proportion to the share he has by cause of the legacy.
§41.2.1.18Idem dicendum est, si seruum communem iussero adire hereditatem, quia propter partem meam adquiro.
The same must be said if I order a common slave to enter upon an inheritance, because I acquire in proportion to my share.
H §41.2.1.19aec, quae de seruis diximus, ita se habent, si et ipsi uelint nobis adquirere possessionem: nam si iubeas seruum tuum possidere et is eo animo intret in possessionem, ut nolit tibi, sed potius Titio adquirere, non est tibi adquisita possessio.
These things which we have said about slaves are so, if they themselves also wish to acquire possession for us: for if you order your slave to possess, and he enters into possession with such an intent that he does not wish to acquire for you, but rather for Titius, possession is not acquired for you.
§41.2.1.20Per procuratorem tutorem curatoremue possessio nobis adquiritur.
Possession is acquired for us through a procurator, tutor, or curator.
cum autem suo nomine nacti fuerint possessionem, non cum ea mente, ut operam dumtaxat suam accommodarent, nobis non possunt adquirere.
But when they have obtained possession in their own name, not with the intention of merely lending their services, they cannot acquire for us.
alioquin si dicamus per eos non adquiri nobis possessionem, qui nostro nomine accipiunt, futurum, ut neque is possideat cui res tradita sit, quia non habeat animum possidentis, neque is qui tradiderit, quoniam cesserit possessione.
Otherwise, if we say that possession is not acquired for us through those who receive in our name, it will happen that neither he to whom the thing is delivered possesses, because he does not have the intention of possessing, nor he who delivered it, because he has departed from possession.
§41.2.1.21Si iusserim uenditorem procuratori rem tradere, cum ea in praesentia sit, uideri mihi traditam Priscus ait, idemque esse, si nummos debitorem iusserim alii dare.
If I order the seller to deliver the thing to my procurator, when it is present, Priscus says it is seen to be delivered to me, and the same is true if I order a debtor to give money to another.
non est enim corpore et tactu necesse adprehendere possessionem, sed etiam oculis et affectu argumento esse eas res, quae propter magnitudinem ponderis moueri non possunt, ut columnas, nam pro traditis eas haberi, si in re praesenti consenserint: et uina tradita uideri, cum claues cellae uinariae emptori traditae fuerint.
For it is not necessary to take possession by body and touch, but also by eyes and intent, of which those things which cannot be moved because of the greatness of their weight, like columns, are a proof; for they are held as delivered if they consent in the presence of the thing: and wine is seen to be delivered when the keys of the wine cellar have been delivered to the buyer.
§41.2.1.22Municipes per se nihil possidere possunt, quia uniuersi consentire non possunt.
The members of a municipality can possess nothing by themselves, because they cannot all consent.
forum autem et basilicam hisque similia non possident, sed promiscue his utuntur.
And they do not possess the forum, the basilica, and similar things, but use them in common.
sed Nerua filius ait, per seruum quae peculiariter adquisierint et possidere et usucapere posse: sed quidam contra putant, quoniam ipsos seruos non possideant.
But Nerva the son says that they can both possess and acquire by usucapion through a slave those things which they have acquired as peculium: but some think the contrary, because they do not possess the slaves themselves.