[PAULUS libro tertio decimo ad edictum. ] §4.8.32.11Dies compromissi proferri potest, non cum ex conuentione, sed cum iussu arbitri eam proferri necesse est, ne poena committatur.
[PAULUS in his thirteenth book on the Edict.] The day of the arbitration agreement can be postponed, not when it is done by agreement, but when it is necessary for it to be postponed by order of the arbitrator, lest the penalty be incurred.
§4.8.32.12Si arbiter sese celare temptauerit, praetor eum inuestigare debet, et si diu non paruerit, multa aduersus eum dicenda est.
If the arbitrator should attempt to hide himself, the praetor ought to search for him, and if he does not comply for a long time, a fine must be imposed against him.
§4.8.32.13Cum in plures compromissum est ea condicione, ut quilibet uel unus dixisset sententiam, eo staretur, absentibus ceteris nihilo minus qui praesens est cogetur: at si ea condicione, ut omnes dicant, uel quod de maioris partis sententia placuerit, non debet singulos separatim cogere, quia singulorum sententia ad poenam non facit.
When an arbitration agreement is made with several persons on the condition that if any one or just one of them should render a decision, that decision should stand, the one who is present will nevertheless be compelled, even though the others are absent. But if it is on the condition that all should render a decision, or that whatever is agreed upon by the majority decision should prevail, the praetor ought not to compel individuals separately, because the decision of individuals does not bring about the penalty.
§4.8.32.14Cum quidam arbiter ex aliis causis inimicus manifeste apparuisset, testationibus etiam conuentus, ne sententiam diceret, nihilo minus nullo cogente dicere perseuerasset, libello cuiusdam id querentis imperator Antoninus subscribsit posse eum uti doli mali exceptione.
When a certain arbitrator had clearly appeared hostile for other reasons, and had even been formally requested by protestations not to render a decision, but had nevertheless persisted in doing so without anyone compelling him, the Emperor Antoninus, in response to a petition from someone complaining of this, wrote that the petitioner could use the plea of fraud.
et idem, cum a iudice consuleretur, apud quem poena petebatur, rescripsit, etiamsi appellari non potest, doli mali exceptionem in poenae petitione obstaturam.
And the same Emperor, when consulted by a judge before whom the penalty was being demanded, rescribed that even if there is no right of appeal, the plea of fraud would stand in the way of the demand for the penalty.
per hanc ergo exceptionem quaedam appellandi species est, cum liceat retractare de sententia arbitri.
Through this plea, therefore, there is a certain appearance of an appeal, since it is permitted to re-examine the decision of the arbitrator.
§4.8.32.15De officio arbitri tractantibus sciendum est omnem tractatum ex ipso compromisso sumendum: nec enim aliud illi licebit, quam quod ibi ut efficere possit cautum est: non ergo quod libet statuere arbiter poterit nec in qua re libet nisi de qua re compromissum est et quatenus compromissum est.
In treating of the duty of an arbitrator, it must be known that every discussion is to be taken from the arbitration agreement itself; for nothing else will be permitted to him than what is there provided for him to be able to effect. Therefore, the arbitrator will not be able to decide whatever he pleases, nor on whatever matter he pleases, except on the matter concerning which the arbitration agreement was made and to the extent that it was made.
§4.8.32.16Quaesitum est de sententia dicenda, et dictum non quamlibet, licet de quibusdam uariatum sit.
A question was raised concerning the rendering of a decision, and it was stated that not just any decision is valid, although there is variation on certain points.
et puto uere non committi, si dicat ad iudicem de hoc eundum uel in se uel in alium compromittendum.
And I think that indeed the penalty is not incurred if he says that they must go to a judge concerning this, or that they must enter into an arbitration agreement either before himself or before another.
nam et Iulianus impune non pareri, si iubeat ad alium arbitrum ire, ne finis non sit: quod si hoc modo dixerit, ut arbitrio Publii Maeuii fundus traderetur aut satisdatio detur, parendum esse sententiae.
For Julian also writes that one may with impunity fail to obey if he orders them to go to another arbitrator, lest there be no end to the matter; but if he should decide in this manner, that the land be delivered or security be given according to the judgment of Publii Maeuii, the decision must be obeyed.
idem Pedius probat: ne propagentur arbitria, aut in alios interdum inimicos agentium transferantur, sua sententia finem controuersiae eum imponere oportet: non autem finiri controuersiam, cum aut differatur arbitrium aut in alium transferatur: partemque sententiae esse, quemadmodum satisdetur, quibus fideiussoribus, idque delegari non posse, nisi ad hoc compromissum sit, ut arbiter statueret, cuius arbitratu satisdaretur.
Pedius approves of the same: lest arbitrations be multiplied, or sometimes transferred to other persons who are enemies of the litigants, he ought to put an end to the dispute by his own decision. However, the dispute is not ended when the arbitration is either postponed or transferred to another. Furthermore, the manner in which security is to be given, and with what sureties, is a part of the decision, and this cannot be delegated, unless the arbitration agreement was made for this purpose, namely, that the arbitrator should determine by whose judgment security should be given.
§4.8.32.17Item si iubeat sibi alium coniungi, cum id in compromisso non sit, non dicit sententiam: nam sententia esse debet de re compromissa, de hoc autem compromissum non est.
Likewise, if he should order another person to be associated with himself, when this is not in the arbitration agreement, he does not render a decision; for the decision must be concerning the matter submitted to arbitration, but concerning this there is no arbitration agreement.
§4.8.32.18Si domini, qui inuicem stipulati sint, procuratores suos agere apud arbitrum uelint, potest iubere ipsos etiam adesse:
If the principals, who have mutually bound themselves by stipulation, wish their procurators to act before the arbitrator, the arbitrator can order the principals themselves to be present also.
§4.8.32.19sed si et heredis in compromissis mentio fit, potest iubere etiam heredem eorum adesse.
But if mention of the heir is also made in the arbitration agreement, he can also order their heir to be present.
§4.8.32.20Arbitri officio continetur et quemadmodum detur uacua possessio.
The duty of an arbitrator also includes how vacant possession is to be given.
an et satis ratam rem habiturum? Sextus Pedius putat, quod nullam rationem habet: nam si ratum non habeat dominus, committetur stipulatio.
Does it also include security that the principal will ratify the act? Sextus Pedius thinks so, which has no reason; for if the principal does not ratify it, the stipulation will be forfeited.
§4.8.32.21Arbiter nihil extra compromissum facere potest et ideo necessarium est adici de die compromissi proferenda: ceterum impune iubenti non parebitur.
An arbitrator can do nothing outside the arbitration agreement, and therefore it is necessary to add a clause about postponing the day of the arbitration agreement; otherwise, one can with impunity fail to obey his order.