[ULPIANUS libro quadragensimo quarto ad edictum. ] §38.5.3.prSi patronus heres institutus ex debita parte adierit hereditatem, dum ignorat aliqua libertum in fraudem suam alienasse, uideamus, an succurri ignorantiae eius debeat, ne decipiatur liberti fraudibus.
[ULPIAN in the forty-fourth book on the Edict.] If a patron, having been appointed heir for his due share, has entered upon the inheritance while being ignorant that the freedman had alienated some things to defraud him, let us consider whether his ignorance ought to be relieved, lest he be deceived by the frauds of the freedman.
et Papinianus libro quarto decimo quaestionum respondit in eadem causa manere ea, quae alienata sunt, idcircoque patronum sibi imputare debere, qui, cum posset bonorum possessionem accipere contra tabulas propter ea quae alienata uel mortis causa donata sunt, non fecit.
And Papinian, in the fourteenth book of Questions, replied that those things which were alienated remain in the same condition, and therefore the patron must blame himself, who, when he could have received possession of goods contrary to the will on account of those things which were alienated or donated in contemplation of death, did not do so.
§38.5.3.1Haec actio in perpetuum datur, quia habet rei persecutionem.
This action is granted in perpetuity, because it involves the pursuit of property.
§38.5.3.2Patronum ex asse heredem institutum uolentem Fauiana actione uti praetor admittit, quia erat iniquum excludi eum a Fauiana, qui non sponte adiit hereditatem, sed quia bonorum possessionem contra tabulas petere non potuit.
The praetor admits a patron who has been appointed heir to the whole estate and wishes to use the Fabiana action, because it would be unfair for him to be excluded from the Fabiana who entered upon the inheritance not of his own free will, but because he could not petition for possession of goods contrary to the will.
§38.5.3.3Si intestatus libertus decesserit, patronus adeundo hereditatem eius reuocat per Caluisianam actionem ea, quae alienata sunt dolo malo, quo minus pars ex testamento debita bonorum liberti ad patronum liberosue eius perueniret: idque est, siue petita sit a patrono ab intestato bonorum possessio siue non sit.
If a freedman dies intestate, the patron, by entering upon his inheritance, revokes through the Caluisiana action those things which were alienated with malicious intent, so that the portion of the freedman's goods due by will should not reach the patron or his children; and this is the case whether possession of goods on intestacy has been petitioned for by the patron or has not.
§38.5.3.4Si plures sint patronae et patroni, singuli uirilem tantum reuocabunt uel Caluisiana.
If there are several patronesses and patrons, each will revoke only their own share (virilem portionem) even by the Caluisiana.
§38.5.3.5Si libertus intestatus decesserit relicta patrono debita portione aut aliquo amplius, aliquid etiam alienauerit, Papinianus libro quarto decimo quaestionum scribit nihil esse reuocandum: nam qui potuit alicui relinquere quid testamento, si debitam portionem patrono relinquat praeterea, donando nihil uidetur in fraudem facere.
If a freedman dies intestate, leaving to his patron the due portion or something more, and has also alienated something, Papinian writes in the fourteenth book of Questions that nothing is to be revoked: for he who could have left something to someone by will, if he leaves the due portion to the patron in addition, is not deemed to do anything in fraud by making a gift.