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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §35.1.94.pr-35.1.94.1

Conditions of Payment to a Third Party in Manumissions and Legacies

Passage 5425 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Hermogenianus discusses the distinction between a conditional manumission and a conditional legacy involving payment to a non-heir, noting that while the slave obtains freedom without payment upon the recipient's death, the legacy fails. He also explains that a condition to pay the "heir" extends to the heir's successor.

[HERMOGENIANUS libro primo iuris epitomarum. ] §35.1.94.prCum ita datur libertas: si 'Titio' (qui non est heres) ‘decem dederit', certa persona demonstratur ac propterea in personam eius tantum condicio impleri potest.
[HERMOGENIANUS libro primo iuris epitomarum.] When freedom is given in this way: "if he gives ten to Titius" (who is not the heir), a specific person is designated, and therefore the condition can be fulfilled only in respect of that person.
sane si cum cesserit dies pecuniam condicioni comprehensam statuliber habuerit, iure constituto nulli dando consequitur libertatem.
Of course, if, when the day has arrived, the slave conditionally set free has the money included in the condition, by established law he obtains freedom by giving it to no one.
diuersa causa est legatarii, in cuius persona placuit. condicionem deficere, si, antequam dederit legatarius pecuniam, Titius moriatur.
The case of a legatee is different, in whose case it was held that the condition fails if Titius dies before the legatee gives the money.
§35.1.94.1Ex his uerbis 'si heredi' uel 'si heredi Titio decem dederit, liber esto', non tantum heredi, sed etiam heredis heredi dando peruenit ad libertatem: at si nullus heredi successerit, iure constituto nulli dando ad libertatem perueniet.
From these words "if to the heir" or "if he gives ten to the heir Titius, let him be free," he reaches freedom by giving not only to the heir, but also to the heir of the heir; but if no one succeeds the heir, by established law he will reach freedom by giving it to no one.

Notes

  1. §35.1.94.prcum cesserit dies — The phrase dies cedere is a technical term in Roman law meaning "the right (to a legacy, etc.) vests" or "the day arrives when the right becomes established." Here, cesserit (future perfect or perfect subjunctive) describes the point at which this critical date has arrived.
  2. §35.1.94.prnulli dando — dando is the ablative of the gerund expressing means, and nulli is the dative of nemo serving as its indirect object. Together they mean "by giving to no one" (i.e., without giving to anyone).
  3. §35.1.94.prin cuius persona placuit — The impersonal verb placuit ("it was held/decided") takes the accusative and infinitive construction condicionem deficere ("that the condition fails") as its subject. in cuius persona means "in whose person/case" and refers back to the antecedent legatarii.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §35.1.94.pr-35.1.94.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:35.1.94.pr-35.1.94.1

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