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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §33.8.14.pr

Order of Words in Bequest of Peculium and Manumission

Passage 5103 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

It is determined that if a slave's manumission and the bequest of his peculium are ordered together in a will, the order of writing does not affect the validity of the bequest.

[Alfenus Uarus libro quinto digestorum. ] §33.8.14.prQuidam in testamento ita scripserat: 'Pamphilus seruus meus peculium suum cum moriar sibi habeto liberque esto'. consulebatur, rectene Pamphilo peculium legatum uideretur, quod prius quam liber esset peculium sibi habere iussus esset.
[ALFENUS VARUS on the Digest, Book V] A certain person had written in his will as follows: 'My slave Pamphilus shall have his own peculium for himself when I die, and he shall be free.' Advice was sought as to whether the peculium was deemed to have been lawfully bequeathed to Pamphilus, given that he had been ordered to have his peculium for himself before he was free.
respondit in coniunctionibus ordinem nullum esse neque quicquam interesse, utrum eorum primum diceretur aut scriberetur: quare recte peculium legatum uideri, ac si prius liber esse, deinde peculium sibi habere iussus est.
He answered that in conjoined clauses there is no order, nor does it make any difference which of them is spoken or written first; therefore, the peculium is deemed to have been lawfully bequeathed, just as if he had been ordered first to be free, and then to have his peculium for himself.

Notes

  1. §33.8.14.prquod prius quam liber esset peculium sibi habere iussus esset — The pluperfect subjunctive iussus esset (and imperfect esset) is used here in accordance with the sequence of tenses after the past main verb (consulebatur), representing the subjective reason in the mind of the party seeking advice.
  2. §33.8.14.prac si prius liber esse, deinde peculium sibi habere iussus est — Although ac si ('as if') typically introduces a hypothetical comparison requiring the subjunctive, it is followed here by the indicative iussus est. This emphasizes that this hypothetical order (first set free, then given the peculium) is treated in the jurist's decision as a factual premise. The infinitive liber esse depends on the verb iussus est, which is shared by both clauses.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §33.8.14.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:33.8.14.pr

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