[SCAEUOLA libro tertio responsorum. ] §31.0.88.6Lucius Titius testamento ita cauit: 'praediolum meum dari uolo libertis libertabusque meis et quos hoc testamento manumisi et Seiae alumnae meae, ita ne de nomine familiae meae exeat, donec ad unum proprietas perueniat'.
[SCAEUOLA, from the third book of responses.] Lucius Titius provided as follows in his testament: 'I wish my little estate to be given to my freedmen and freedwomen, and to those whom I have manumitted by this testament, and to my alumna Seia, provided that it does not depart from the name of my family until the ownership comes to one last person.' I ask whether Seia has a share in common with the freedmen, or whether she can claim a half share of that little estate for herself.
quaero, an Seia in communione cum libertis habeat portionem an uero sibi partem dimidiam eius praedioli uindicare possit. respondi perspicuam esse testantis uoluntatem omnes ad uiriles partes uocantis.
I replied that the intention of the testator was clear, calling all of them to equal shares.
§31.0.88.7Impuberem filium heredem instituit: uxori dotem praelegauit, item ornamenta et seruos et aureos decem: et si inpubes decessisset, substituit, a quibus ita leganit: 'quaecumque primis tabulis dedi, eadem omnia ab heredibus quoque heredis mei in duplum dari uolo'. quaeritur, an ex substitutione, impubere mortuo, dos quoque iterum debeatur.
He appointed his minor son as heir; he pre-bequeathed his dowry to his wife, as well as ornaments, slaves, and ten gold pieces; and in case the minor should die, he substituted heirs, from whom he bequeathed as follows: 'Whatever things I have given in the first tablets of the testament, I wish all those same things to be given in double also by the heirs of my heir.' It is asked whether, upon the death of the minor, the dowry also is due again from the substitution.
respondi non uideri de dotis legato duplicando testatorem sensisse.
I replied that the testator did not seem to have intended to double the legacy of the dowry.
item quaero, cum corpora legata etiam nunc ex lucratiua causa possideantur, an a substitutis peti possint.
I also ask, when the specific things bequeathed are even now possessed by virtue of a lucrative cause, whether they can be claimed from the substitute heirs.
respondi non posse.
I replied that they cannot.
§31.0.88.8'Ciuibus meis do lego chirographum Gaii Seii': postea codicillis netuit a Seio exigi et ab herede petit, ut ex alterius debitoris debito, quem codicillis nominauit, eandem summam rei publicae daret.
'I give and bequeath the promissory note of Gaius Seius to my citizens.' Afterwards, in codicils, he forbade the collection from Seius, and requested of the heir that he give the same sum to the state from the debt of another debtor whom he named in the codicils.
quaesitum est, si posterior idoneus non esset, an integram quantitatem heredes praestare debeant.
It was asked, if the latter debtor was not solvent, whether the heirs must make good the entire quantity.
respondi heredes rei publicae aduersus eum dumtaxat debitorem, qui nouissimis codicillis, ut proponitur, designatus est, actionem praestare debere.
I replied that the heirs ought to guarantee to the state only the action against that debtor who was designated in the latest codicils, as proposed.
§31.0.88.9Filiam ex asse instituit heredem eique substituit nepotem suum et ita cauit: 'si, quod abominor, neque filia mea neque nepos meus heredes mei erunt, tunc portionem meam partis dimidiae fundi illius ad libertos meos pertinere uolo'. quaeritur, cum ante testatorem et filia et nepos decesserunt et intestati bona pertinuerunt ad pronepotem eius, an fideicommissum ad libertos pertineret.
He appointed his daughter as heir to the entire estate, and substituted his grandson to her, and provided as follows: 'If, which I abhor, neither my daughter nor my grandson shall be my heirs, then I wish my portion of a half share of that estate to belong to my freedmen.' It is asked, when both the daughter and the grandson died before the testator, and the estate belonged to his great-grandson by intestacy, whether the trust would belong to the freedmen.
respondi secundum ea quae proponerentur, si nullus alius heres institutus substitutusque esset quam filla et nepos, uideri legitimorum fidei commissum esse, ut praestaretur.
I replied that, according to the facts proposed, if no other heir had been appointed or substituted than the daughter and the grandson, it seems to be a trust imposed upon the intestate heirs, so that it should be performed.
§31.0.88.10'Quisquis mihi heres erit, sciat debere me Demetrio patruo meo denaria tria et deposita apud me a Seleuco patruo meo denaria tria, quae etiam protinus reddi et solui eis iubeo': quaesitum est, an, si non deberentur, actio esset.
'Whoever shall be my heir, let him know that I owe three denarii to my paternal uncle Demetrius, and that three denarii were deposited with me by my paternal uncle Seleucus, which also I order to be returned and paid to them immediately.' It was asked whether, if they were not owed, there would be an action.
respondi, si non deberentur, nullam quasi ex debito actionem esse, sed ex fideicommisso.
I replied that, if they were not owed, there is no action as if from a debt, but there is one from a trust.
§31.0.88.11Lucius Titius Damam et Pamphilum libertos suos ante biennium mortis suae de domu dimisit et cibaria quae dabat praestare desiit: mox facto testamento ita legauit: 'quisquis mihi heres erit, omnibus libertis meis, quos hoc testamento manumisi et quos ante habui quosque ut manumittantur petii, alimentorum nomine in menses singulos certam pecuniam dato'.
Lucius Titius dismissed his freedmen Dama and Pamphilus from his house two years before his death, and ceased to provide the provisions he used to give.
quaesitum est, an Damae et Pamphilo fideicommissum debeatur.
Soon afterwards, having made a testament, he bequeathed as follows: 'Whoever shall be my heir, let him give a certain sum of money every month under the name of maintenance to all my freedmen, those whom I have manumitted by this testament, and those whom I had before, and those for whose manumission I have asked.' It was asked whether the trust is due to Dama and Pamphilus.
respondi secundum ea quae proponerentur ita deberi, si hi qui petent manifeste docerent eo animo circa se patronum, cum testamentum faceret, esse coepisse, ut his quoque legatum dari uellet: alioquin nihil ipsis praestetur.
I replied that, according to the facts proposed, it is due if those who claim it clearly demonstrate that the patron, when he made his testament, had begun to be of such a mind toward them that he wished a legacy to be given to them as well; otherwise, let nothing be performed to them.