[IULIANUS libro trigesimo secundo digestorum. ] §30.1.81.prSi fundum sub condicione legatum heres pendente condicione sub alia condicione alii legasset et post existentem condicionem, quae priore testamento praeposita fuisset, tunc ea condicio, sub qua heres legauerat, exstitisset, dominium a priore legatario non discedit.
[Julian, Digest, Book 32.] If an heir, while a condition was pending, had bequeathed a tract of land, which had been bequeathed under a condition, to another person under another condition, and if, after the fulfillment of the condition which had been set in the prior will, the condition under which the heir had bequeathed then was fulfilled, the ownership does not depart from the prior legatee.
§30.1.81.1Si seruo communi res legata fuisset, potest alter dominus agnoscere legatum, alter repellere: nam in hanc causam seruus communis quasi duo serui sunt.
If a thing had been bequeathed to a common slave, one co-owner can accept the legacy, and the other can reject it; for in this case, a common slave is, as it were, two slaves.
§30.1.81.2'Stichum Sempronio do lego: si Sempronius Stichum intra annum non manumiserit, eundem Stichum Titio do lego'. quaesitum est, quid iuris esset.
'I give and bequeath Stichus to Sempronius: if Sempronius does not manumit Stichus within a year, I give and bequeath the same Stichus to Titius.' The question was asked what the law was.
respondi Sempronium interim totum habiturum et, si quidem intra annum manumississet, liberum eum effecturum: sin autem hoc non fecisset, totum ad Titium pertinere.
I answered that Sempronius would in the meantime hold the whole, and if indeed he had manumitted him within a year, he would make him free; but if he had not done this, the whole would belong to Titius.
§30.1.81.3Qui fundum excepto aedificio legat, appellatione aedificii aut superficiem significat aut solum quoque, cui aedificium superpositum est.
He who bequeaths a tract of land excepting a building, means by the designation of 'building' either the superstructure or also the soil upon which the building is placed.
si de sola superficie exceperit, nihilo minus iure legati totus fundus uindicabitur, sed exceptione doli mali posita consequetur heres id, ut sibi habitare in uilla liceat: in quo inerit, ut iter quoque et actum in ea habeat.
If he excepted only the superstructure, the entire tract will nonetheless be claimed by the right of legacy, but by pleading the defense of fraud, the heir will obtain this, that he is permitted to live in the villa; in which it will be inherent that he also has a right of passage and of driving in it.
si uero solum quoque exceptum fuerit, fundus excepta uilla uindicari debebit et seruitus ipso iure uillae debebitur, non secus ac si duorum fundorum dominus alterum legauerit ita, ut alteri seruiret.
But if the soil also was excepted, the tract must be claimed excepting the villa, and an easement will be owed to the villa by operation of law, not otherwise than if the owner of two tracts of land had bequeathed one in such a way that it should serve the other.
sed inclinandum est testatorem etiam de solo cogitasse, sine quo aedificium stare non potest.
But we should incline to the view that the testator also thought of the soil, without which a building cannot stand.
§30.1.81.4Si libertus patronum ex septunce heredem scripserit, alios ex ceteris et ita legauerit: 'quisquis mihi alius ex supra scriptis cum patrono meo heres erit, seruos illum et illum Titio lego, quos aestimo singulos uicenis aureis', intellegendum erit a coherede patroni dumtaxat legatum datum et ideo Titium non amplius quincuncem in seruis uindicare posse.
If a freedman appointed his patron heir to seven-twelfths, others to the remainder, and bequeathed as follows: 'Whoever else of those written above shall be heir together with my patron, I bequeath such and such slaves to Titius, whom I value at twenty aurei each,' it must be understood that the legacy was given only by the co-heir of the patron, and therefore Titius cannot claim more than five-twelfths in the slaves.
adiectio autem illa 'quos aestimo singulos uicenis aureis' non mutat legati condicionem, si legis Falcidiae rationem habere oporteat: nihilo minus enim uerum pretium seruorum in aestimationem deducetur.
However, that addition 'whom I value at twenty aurei each' does not change the condition of the legacy if it is necessary to take into account the Falcidian law; for nonetheless the true price of the slaves will be brought into the valuation.
§30.1.81.5Titio fundum do lego, si heredi meo decem dederit'. si decem heres Titio debuisset et ea Titius accepta ei fecisset, fundum uindicare potest.
'I give and bequeath a tract of land to Titius, if he gives ten to my heir.' If the heir had owed ten to Titius and Titius had released him from that debt, he can claim the land.
§30.1.81.6Si Titius, cui Stichus legatus fuerat, antequam sciret ad se legatum pertinere, decesserit et eundem Seio legauerit et heres Titii legatum non repudiauerit, Stichum Seius uindicabit.
If Titius, to whom Stichus had been bequeathed, died before he knew that the legacy belonged to him, and bequeathed the same slave to Seius, and the heir of Titius did not reject the legacy, Seius will claim Stichus.
§30.1.81.7Si pater familias ab impubere filio Titio fundum legauerit et a substituto eundem eidem Titio et pupillus patri heres exstiterit: siue uindicauerit Titius legatum siue repudiauerit, quamuis filius impubes decesserit, a substituto uindicare non poterit.
If a paterfamilias bequeathed a tract of land to Titius from his impuberate son, and the same tract to the same Titius from the substitute, and the pupillus became heir to his father: whether Titius claimed the legacy or rejected it, even if the impuberate son died, he cannot claim it from the substitute.
hoc enim, quod rursus a substituto legatur, perinde habendum est ac si repetita legata essent.
For this, which is bequeathed again from the substitute, must be regarded just as if they were repeated legacies.
quare et si pure a filio, sub condicione a substituto legatum fuerit, perinde omnia seruabuntur ac si tantum a filio legatum fuisset: contra autem si a filio sub condicione, a substituto pure legatum fuerit et pupillus pendente condicione decesserit, ex substitutione sola legatum ualebit.
Therefore, even if the legacy was given unconditionally from the son and conditionally from the substitute, everything will be maintained just as if it had been bequeathed only from the son; on the other hand, if it was bequeathed conditionally from the son and unconditionally from the substitute, and the pupillus died while the condition was pending, the legacy will be valid from the substitution alone.
§30.1.81.8His uerbis 'Lucio et Titio eorumue cui fundum do lego' utiliter legatur et, si utrique uixerint, utrique, si alter, alteri debebitur.
By these words: 'I give and bequeath a tract of land to Lucius and Titius, or to whichever of them,' a legacy is validly made; and if both survive, it will be owed to both, and if only one, to the one.
§30.1.81.9Cum statuliber sub condicione legatus est et pendente condicione legati condicio statutae libertatis deficit, legatum utile fit: nam sicut statuta libertas tunc peremit legatum, cum uires accipit, ita legatum quoque non ante peremi potest, quam dies cesserit eius.
When a statuliber has been bequeathed under a condition, and while the condition of the legacy is pending, the condition of the statuted freedom fails, the legacy becomes valid; for just as a statuted freedom destroys a legacy when it takes effect, so also a legacy cannot be destroyed before its right vests.
§30.1.81.10A filio impubere legatus et a substituto liber esse iussus, si quidem pupillus ad pubertatem peruenerit, ab eo cui legatus fuerat uindicabitur: mortuo uero pupillo libertas competit.
A slave bequeathed by an impuberate son and ordered to be free by a substitute will, if indeed the pupillus reaches puberty, be claimed by him to whom he had been bequeathed; but if the pupillus dies, freedom is competent.
longe magis hoc seruari conueniet, si idem seruus sub condicione ab impubere legatus fuerit et pendente condicione filius intra pubertatem decesserit.
This should be observed much more if the same slave had been bequeathed under a condition by the impuberate son, and the son died within puberty while the condition was pending.