[IDEM libro secundo excusationum. ] §27.1.2.prἈφίενται ἐπιτροπῆς καὶ κουρατορίας καὶ οἱ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη πεπληρωκότες.
[BY THE SAME AUTHOR, On Excuses, book 2.] Those who have completed seventy years of age are also excused from guardianship and curatorship.
ὑπερβεβηκέναι δὲ δεῖ τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ χρόνῳ ἐν ᾧ χειροτονεῖται, ἢ ἐν ᾧ τῇ κληρονομίᾳ προσέρχεταί τις, ἢ ἐν ᾧ ἡ αἵρεσις ἡ τῇ διαθήκῃ προσγραφεῖσα πεπλήρωται, οὐκ ἐντὸς τῶν χρόνων τῆς παραιτήσεως.
But it is necessary to have exceeded seventy years at the time when one is appointed, or when one enters upon an inheritance, or when the condition added to the will is fulfilled, and not within the time limits for claiming the excuse.
Ἡ δὲ ἡλικία δείκνυται §27.1.2.1ἢ ἐκ παιδογραφιῶν ἢ ἐξ ἑτέρων ἀποδείξεων νομίμων.
And age is proved either from birth registers or from other legal proofs.
§27.1.2.2Ἀφίησιν ἐπιτροπῆς καὶ κουρατορίας καὶ πολυπαιδία.
Having many children also excuses from guardianship and curatorship.
§27.1.2.3Νομίμους δὲ παῖδας εἶναι δεῖ πάντας, κἂν μὴ ὦσιν ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ.
But all the children must be legitimate, even if they are not under paternal power.
§27.1.2.4Δεῖ δὲ εἶναι τοὺς παῖδας ὅτε οἱ πατέρες δίδονται ἐπίτροποι· οἱ γὰρ πρὶν τελευτήσαντες οὐ συναριθμοῦνται, οὔτε πάλιν βλάπτουσιν οἱ μετὰ τοῦτο ἀποθανόντες· καὶ ταῦτά φησι διάταξις τοῦ θειοτάτου Σεβήρου.
And the children must be alive when the fathers are appointed guardians; for those who died before are not counted, nor again do those who die afterwards cause prejudice; and this is what a constitution of the divine Severus says.
§27.1.2.5Τοῦτο δὲ δοκεῖ μὲν εἰρῆσθαι περὶ τοῦ κατὰ διαθήκας δοθέντος ἐπιτρόπου· ἁρμόζοι δὲ ἂν καὶ ἐπὶ παντὸς ἑτέρου.
And this seems indeed to have been said concerning a guardian appointed by will; but it would also apply to any other guardian.
§27.1.2.6Ὁ δὲ ἐν τῇ γαστρὶ ὢν εἰ καὶ ἐν πολλοῖς μέρεσιν τοῦ νόμου συγκρίνεται τοῖς ἤδη γεγενημένοις, ὅμως οὔτε ἐν τῇ παρούσῃ ζητήσει οὔτε ἐν ταῖς λοιπαῖς πολιτικαῖς λειτουργίαις συναίρεται τῷ πατρί· καὶ τοῦτο εἴρηται διατάξει τοῦ θειοτάτου Σεβήρου.
A child in the womb, although in many areas of the law is compared to those already born, nevertheless in the present question as well as in other civil duties does not count for the father; and this is said in a constitution of the divine Severus.
Οὐ μόνον δὲ υἱοὶ §27.1.2.7ἄφεσιν ἐπιτροπῆς διδόασιν καὶ θυγατέρες, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔγγονοι ἐξ υἱῶν ἀρρένων τεχθέντες ἄρρενές τε καὶ θήλειαι.
And not only sons and daughters give release from guardianship, but also grandchildren born of male sons, both male and female.
Βοηθοῦσιν δὲ τότε, ὁπόταν τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῶν ἀποθανόντος τὸν ἐκείνου τόπον πληρώσωσιν τῷ πάππῳ.
But they assist then, when, their father being dead, they fill his place for the grandfather.
ὅσοι δ' ἂν ὦσιν ἔγγονοι ἐξ ἑνὸς υἱοῦ, ἀντὶ ἑνὸς τέκνου ἀριθμοῦνται.
However many grandchildren there are from one son, they are counted as one child.
ταῦτα δὲ καὶ ἐκ διατάξεων, αἳ περὶ τῶν τέκνων διαλέγονται, ἔστιν συναγαγεῖν· οὐδαμοῦ γὰρ ἔστιν ῥᾳδίως εὑρεῖν, ὅτι περὶ υἱῶν διαλέγεται διάταξις, ἀλλὰ περὶ τέκνων· ἡ δὲ προσηγορία αὕτη καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐγγόνους ἐκτείνεται.
And these things can be gathered also from the constitutions which speak of children; for nowhere is it easy to find that a constitution speaks of "sons", but rather of "children"; and this designation extends also to grandchildren.
§27.1.2.8Τὸν δὲ ἀριθμὸν τῶν τέκνων τὸν ὡρισμένον ταῖς διατάξεσιν εἶναι δεῖ ἑκάστῳ τότε, ὅτε χειροτονεῖται, οὐχὶ κἂν μετὰ τὸ χειροτονηθῆναι γεννηθῇ πρὸ τοῦ τὰ δίκαια τῆς ἀφέσεως παρασχέσθαι· οἱ γὰρ μετὰ τοῦτο γεγενημένοι οὐ βοηθοῦσιν, ὡς διάταξίς φησιν Σεβήρου καὶ Ἀντωνίνου.
And each person must have the number of children determined by the constitutions at the time when he is appointed, and not even if a child is born after the appointment, before the rights of release are presented; for those born afterwards do not assist, as a constitution of Severus and Antoninus says.
§27.1.2.9Ἔτι μὴν καὶ οἱ τρεῖς ἔχοντες ἐπιτροπὰς ἢ τρεῖς κουρατίονας ἢ ἀναμεμιγμένας τρεῖς κουρατορίας τε καὶ ἐπιτροπὰς καὶ ἔτι μενοῦσας, τοῦτ᾽ ἔστιν μήπω ἐκβάντων τὴν ἡλικίαν τῶν ἀφηλίκων, οὗτοι ἀφίενται εἰς τετάρτην ἐπιτροπὴν ἢ κουρατορίαν καλούμενοι.
Furthermore, those who already have three guardianships or three curatorships, or a mixture of three curatorships and guardianships, which are still active—that is, the minors having not yet exceeded the age limit—are excused when called to a fourth guardianship or curatorship.
ἀλλὰ μὴν κἂν κουράτωρ τις ᾖ μὴ ἀφήλικος, ἀλλὰ μαινομένου, εἰς τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν κουρατοριῶν καὶ αὐτὴ ὑπολογισθήσεται ἡ κουρατορία· ὅπερ οὕτως ἔχειν διδάσκει διάταξις Σεβήρου καὶ Ἀντωνίνου.
Moreover, even if one is the curator not of a minor, but of an insane person, this curatorship also shall be reckoned into the number of curatorships; which a constitution of Severus and Antoninus teaches to be so.
λέγει καὶ ὁ κράτιστος Οὐλπιανὸς περὶ τῶν τριῶν ἐπιτροπῶν ταῦτα.
The most excellent Ulpian also says these same things about the three guardianships.