[IDEM libro quarto excusationum. ] §27.1.13.prΕἰδέναι χρὴ ὅτι οὔτε οἱ χειροτονηθέντες ἐπίτροποι οὔτε οἱ κατὰ διαθήκην δοθέντες ἐκκαλεῖσθαι ἀνάγκην ἔχουσιν, ὡς δηλοῖ διάταξις τῶν θειοτάτων Σεβήρου καὶ Ἀντωνίνου.
[THE SAME in the fourth book on Excuses.] It must be known that neither nominated tutors nor those appointed by testament have a necessity to appeal, as a constitution of the most divine Severus and Antoninus declares.
τοῦτο δὲ παραφυλάττειν δεῖ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν χειροτονηθέντων κουρατόρων· ἐν ὀλίγοις γὰρ πάνυ διαλλάττουσιν οἱ κουράτορες ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπιτρόπων.
And this must also be observed in the case of nominated curators; for curators differ very little from tutors.
κατὰ μέντοι τῶν ψήφων τῶν ἐκβαλλουσῶν αὐτοῖς τὰς ἐξκουσατίονας ἄδειαν ἔχουσιν ἐκκαλεῖσθαι.
However, they have free power to appeal against decisions that reject their excuses.
Πολλὰ δὲ παραφυλάττειν §27.1.13.1προσήκει, ἵνα ἐπιτραπῶσιν ἐπίτροποι ἢ κουράτορες τὰ δίκαια παρασχέσθαι τῆς ἀφέσεως.
And to observe many things is proper, so that tutors or curators may be permitted to present their rights of release.
δεῖ γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἐμπροθέσμως προσελθεῖν τῷ δικαστῇ.
For they must approach the judge within the prescribed time.
εἰσὶν δὲ αἱ προθεσμίαι αὗται· ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει ὤν, ὅπου κεχειροτόνηται, ἢ ἐντὸς ἑκατοστοῦ μιλίου τῆς πόλεως ἐντὸς πεντήκοντα ἡμερῶν παραιτήσεται, ἢ μετὰ τοῦτο οὐ συγχωρηθήσεται, ἀλλ' ἕξεται τῆς φροντίδος.
And these time limits are as follows: for he who is in the very city where he was nominated, or within a hundred miles of the city, shall petition for excuse within fifty days, or after this he shall not be allowed, but shall be held to the care.
κἂν τούτων τι μὴ ποιήσῃ, ἔσται ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ αἰτίᾳ, ἐν ᾗ ἂν ἦν εἰ ἀπεφάνθη τῷ ἰδίῳ κινδύνῳ αὐτὸν ὀλιγωρεῖν πρὸς τὸ μηδὲ καταλείπεσθαι αὐτῷ τινα ὁδὸν πρὸς παραίτησιν.
And if he does not do any of these things, he will be in the same situation as he would have been if it had been declared that he, at his own risk, was negligent, so that not even any way of petitioning for excuse was left to him.
ὁ δὲ ὑπὲρ ἑκατὸν μίλια τῆς πόλεως ἀποδημῶν εἴκοσι μίλια ἕξει ἀριθμούμενα αὐτῷ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, ἀφ' ἧς ἂν γνῷ (δεῖ δὲ αὐτῷ μηνυθῆναι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἢ κατὰ πρόσωπον ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας) καὶ ἔξωθεν τούτων ἄλλας τριάκοντα ἡμέρας ἔχει πρὸς δικαιολογίαν.
But he who is abroad more than a hundred miles from the city shall have days numbered for him at twenty miles for each day from the day he knows of it (and it must be notified to him by the magistrates either in person or at his house), and besides these, he has another thirty days for defense.
τοῦτο δὲ διαφέρει καὶ τοῖς κατὰ διαθήκας δοθεῖσιν, ἐάν τε ἐπίτροποι ὦσιν ἐάν τε κουράτορες, οὓς κουράτορας βεβαιοῦσθαι ἔθος ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡγουμένου.
And this also makes a difference for those appointed by testaments, whether they are tutors or curators, which curators it is the custom to be confirmed by the governor.
§27.1.13.2Ἕτερον δὲ ἐκεῖνο εὑρίσκομεν ἐκ τῆς Μάρκου νομοθεσίας ζητήσεως ἄξιον· τῷ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει ὄντι, ἐν ᾗ κεχειροτόνηται ἢ ἐντὸς ἑκατὸν μιλίων πεντήκοντα ἡμερῶν ἔδωκεν ὁ νομοθέτης προθεσμίαν.
But we find another thing worthy of inquiry from the legislation of Marcus; for to him who is in the very city where he was nominated or within a hundred miles, the legislator gave a time limit of fifty days.
τῷ δὲ ὑπὲρ ἑκατὸν μίλια διατρίβοντι καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν δεῖν ἀριθμεῖσθαι εἴκοσι μίλια ἐκέλευσεν καὶ ἔξωθεν τούτων ἄλλας τριάκοντα ἡμέρας προσέθηκεν εἰς δικαιολογίαν.
But to him who is staying more than a hundred miles away, he ordered twenty miles to be numbered for each day, and besides these, he added another thirty days for defense.
ὅθεν συμβαίνει, ἐὰν ᾖ τις ἀπὸ ἑκατὸν ἑξήκοντα μιλίων τὰς διατριβὰς ποιούμενος, τούτῳ εἶναι προθεσμίαν ὀκτὼ καὶ τριάκοντα ἡμερῶν, ὀκτὼ μὲν τῶν ἑκατὸν ἑξήκοντα μιλίων, ὡς καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν εἴκοσι μιλίων ἀριθμουμένων, τριάκοντα δὲ τὰς πρὸς τὴν δικαιολογίαν.
Hence it happens that if there is someone making his stay at a hundred and sixty miles, this person has a time limit of thirty-eight days, namely, eight days for the hundred and sixty miles, as twenty miles are numbered for each day, and thirty days for the defense.
ἔσται οὖν ἐν χείρονι τάξει ὁ πόῤῥωθεν διατρίβων τοῦ ἐντὸς ἑκατὸν μιλίων ὄντος ἢ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει, εἴγε τούτοις μὲν ἀεὶ πεντήκοντα ἡμέραι προθεσμίας εἰσὶν, ἐκείνοις δὲ ἐλάττους.
Therefore, the one staying far away will be in a worse position than the one who is within a hundred miles or in the very city, since for the latter there is always a time limit of fifty days, but for the former fewer days.
ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ τὰ μάλιστα τὸ ῥητὸν τοῦ νόμου ταύτην ἀποτελεῖ τὴν διάνοιαν, ὅμως ἡ γνώμη τοῦ νομοθέτου ἄλλο βούλεται.
But even if the letter of the law very much produces this meaning, nevertheless the intention of the legislator wishes otherwise.
οὓτωσ γάρ καὶ Κερβίδιοσ Σκαίβολασ καὶ Παῦλοσ καὶ Δομίτιοσ Οὐλπιανὸσ οἱ κορυφαῖοι τῶν νομικῶν γράφουσιν, φάσκοντες οὕτως δεῖν ταῦτα παραφυλάττειν, ὡς μηδέποτέ τινι ἐλάττω δίδοσθαι τῶν πεντήκοντα ἡμερῶν προθεσμίαν, τότε δὲ μακροτέραν, ὁπόταν ἡ διαρίθμησις τῶν ἐπὶ τῇ ὁδῷ ἡμερῶν προστιθεμένη ταῖς τριάκοντα ἡμέραις, ἃς πρὸς δικαιολογίαν ὁ νόμος δίδωσιν, ὑπερβαίνει τὰς πεντήκοντα ἡμέρας, οἷον ἐάν τινα φῶμεν ἀπὸ τετρακοσίων τεσσαράκοντα μιλίων διατρίβειν· οὗτος γὰρ τῆς μὲν ὁδοῦ ἕξει ἡμέρας εἴκοσι δύο, πρὸς δικαιολογίαν δὲ ἄλλας τριάκοντα.
For so write also Cervidius Scaevola, Paul, and Domitius Ulpian, the leaders of the jurists, asserting that these things must be observed in such a way that a time limit of fewer than fifty days is never given to anyone, but a longer one when the calculation of the days for the journey, being added to the thirty days which the law gives for defense, exceeds fifty days, as if we should say that someone is staying four hundred and forty miles away; for this man will have twenty-two days for the journey, and another thirty days for defense.
Παραφυλάξουσιν
They will observe