[IDEM libro quarto excusationum. ] §27.1.13.3δὲ ταύτην τὴν προθεσμίαν πάντες οἱ ὁπωσοῦν παραιτούμενοι ἐπιτροπὴν ἢ κουρατορίαν ἢ μέρος γε ταύτης.
indeed, this time limit, all those who in any way petition for excuse from a tutorship or curatorship, or at least a part of it.
§27.1.13.4Ἀκόλουθον δέ ἐστιν πιστεύειν, ὅτι εἰ καί τινι εἴδει παραιτήσεως ἤ τις χρώμενος, οὐκ ἄλλως ἀκουσθήσεται, ἐὰν μὴ φυλάξῃ τὴν προθεσμίαν, εἰ μὴ ἄρα τῆς ἑτέρας πόλεως πολίτης ἐστίν.
And it is logical to believe that even if someone uses some kind of excuse, he will not be heard otherwise, unless he observes the time limit, unless indeed he is a citizen of another city.
§27.1.13.5Οὕτως δὲ ἐπαναγκές ἐστιν φυλάττειν τὴν προθεσμίαν, ὅτι κἂν δικαιολογησάμενος ἀφεθῇ, μὴ ἐλευθεροῦσθαι αὐτὸν οἱ θειότατοι Σεβῆρος καὶ Ἀντωνῖνος δηλοῦσιν ἐν διατάξει κελεύσαντες μὴ κρατεῖσθαι τὸν εἰς τόπον αὐτοῦ χειροτονηθέντα, ὡς οὐκ ἐξὸν δεδομένον εἰς τόπον ὄντος ἐπιτρόπου.
And it is so compulsory to observe the time limit, that even if he is excused after making his defense, he is not freed, as the most divine Severus and Antoninus declare in a constitution, ordering that the one nominated in his place should not be held, as it is not permitted to appoint someone in place of an existing tutor.
§27.1.13.6Ἀπόχρη δὲ ἐντὸς τῆς προθεσμίας ἐντυχεῖν μόνον· ἐὰν γὰρ μετὰ ταῦτα μὴ ἑκὼν ἀπολειφθῇ, οὐκ ἔσται παραγράψιμος.
And it is sufficient only to make an application within the time limit; for if after this he is absent not by his own will, he will not be subject to objection.
διόπερ ἐὰν ἀφοσιώσεως χάριν μόνον ἐντύχῃ, μὴ ἐπιμείνῃ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα τῇ δικαιολογίᾳ, μετὰ τὴν προθεσμίαν ὑποπεσεῖται τῇ παραγραφῇ.
Therefore, if he makes an application only for form's sake, but does not persist in the defense afterwards, he will fall under the objection after the time limit.
καὶ λέγει τοῦτο διάταξις τῶν αὐτοκρατόρων Σεβήρου καὶ Ἀντωνίνου.
And a constitution of the emperors Severus and Antoninus says this.
§27.1.13.7Ἐὰν γάρ τις διὰ νόσον ἢ δι᾿ ἄλλην ἀνάγκην, οἷον θαλάσσης ἢ χειμῶνος ἢ ἐφόδου λῃστῶν ἤ τινα ἑτέραν παραπλησίαν, ἐμπροθέσμως μὴ δύνηται ἐντυχεῖν, συγνώμης τυγχάνειν.
For if someone, because of disease or other necessity, such as of the sea, storm, incursion of robbers, or some other similar cause, cannot make an application within the prescribed time, he should obtain excuse.
οὐ τὴν πίστιν ἤρκει συστῆσαι καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ φύσει δικαίου, πλὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ διάταξίς ἐστιν τῶν αὐτοκρατόρων Σεβήρου καὶ Ἀντωνίνου ταῦτα λέγουσα.
It would have been sufficient to establish the credibility of this even from natural justice itself, yet there is also a constitution of the emperors Severus and Antoninus saying these things.
§27.1.13.8Εἰδέναι δὲ δεῖ, ὅτι οὐκ ἀπόχρη τὸ προσελθεῖν τῷ δικάζοντι, ἀλλὰ δεῖ αὐτὸν καὶ περὶ τοῦ εἴδους τῆς ἀφέσεως μαρτύρασθαι, καὶ εἴ πολλά ἔχει πρὸς ἄφεσιν δίκαια, πάντα ὀνομάσαι· εἰ δὲ μή, ὅμοιός ἐστιν τῷ μηδὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν προσεληλυθότι ὁ προσελθὼν μέν, δίκαιον δὲ ἀφέσεως μὴ ὀνομάσας.
But it must be known that it is not sufficient to approach the judge, but he must also state the type of excuse, and if he has many grounds for release, he must name them all; otherwise, he who approached but did not name a ground of excuse is like one who did not approach in the first place.
§27.1.13.9Αἱ δὲ πεντήκοντα ἡμέραι συνημμέναι ψηφίζονται ἀρχόμεναι ἀπὸ τοῦ καιροῦ τῆς γνώσεως, ἐν ᾧ τις ἔγνω ἑαυτὸν δεδόσθαι.
And the fifty days are counted continuously, starting from the time of knowledge, when one knew that he had been appointed.
Χρὴ δὲ μιᾷ μαρτύρασθαι §27.1.13.10πρὸ βήματος ἢ ἄλλως ἐπὶ ὑπομνημάτων· δύναται δὲ καὶ βιβλίδια ἐπιδοῦναι χαμᾶθεν, ὡς οἱ αὐτοί φασιν αὐτοκράτορες.
And one must state them together before the tribunal or otherwise on the records; and he can also present petitions from the floor, as the same emperors say.
Ταῦτα περὶ τῶν φυλάσσειν §27.1.13.11τὴν προθεσμίαν ὀφειλόντων· περὶ δὲ τῶν μὴ ὑποκειμένων ταῖς προθεσμίαις φέρε σκεψώμεθα.
These things are concerning those who ought to observe the time limit; but concerning those who are not subject to the time limits, let us consider.
§27.1.13.12Οἱ γὰρ παρανόμως δοθέντες ἐπίτροποι, τοῦτ᾽ ἔστιν ἢ ὑφ᾽ ὧν μὴ ἐχρῆν, ἢ οὗτοι οὓς μὴ ἐχρῆν, ἢ οἷς μὴ ἐχρῆν, ἢ ὃν μὴ ἐχρῆν τρόπον, ἐὰν μήτε βεβαιωθῶσιν μήτε ἐφάψωνται τοῦ χειρισμοῦ, εἰσὶν ἀνεύθυνοι, οὐδὲ προοίσει τις αὐτοῖς ὃτι τὰς προθεσμίας οὐκ ἐτήρήσαν τῶν παραιτήσεων· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔχουσιν παραιτήσεως ἀνάγκην, ὡς δείκνυται ἐκ τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων διατάξεων, ἃς παραδείγματος χάριν ὑπέταξα, ἐφαρμόζοιντο δὲ ἂν πᾶσιν.
For tutors appointed unlawfully, that is, either by those who ought not, or those who ought not, or to those whom they ought not, or in a manner they ought not, if they are neither confirmed nor touch the administration, are free from liability, nor will anyone object to them that they did not observe the time limits of the excuses; for they do not even have a necessity to excuse themselves, as is shown from the subjoined constitutions, which I have subjoined for the sake of example, but they would apply to all.
'Diui Seuerus et Antoninus Augusti Narcisso.
'The divine Severus and Antoninus Augusti to Narcissus.
Ab auo materno tutor datus necesse non habuisti excusari, cum ipso iure non teneris: si igitur administrationi te non miscuisti, potes esse securus'. ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἐὰν τὸν μὴ ὑποκείμενον τῇ δικαιοδοσίᾳ χειροτονήσωσιν οἱ ἄρχοντες ἐπίτροπον ἢ κουράτορα, οὐδὲ οὗτος ἀνάγκην ἔχει παραφυλάσσειν τὰς προθεσμίας, οἷον τὸν μήτε πολίτην μήτε ἰνκόλαν.
Having been appointed tutor by your maternal grandfather, you had no necessity to be excused, since you are not bound by operation of law: if, therefore, you did not mix yourself in the administration, you may be secure.' And likewise, if the magistrates nominate a tutor or curator who is not subject to their jurisdiction, neither has this person a necessity to observe the time limits, such as one who is neither a citizen nor an inhabitant.