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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §25.3.6.pr-25.3.6.1

Patrons Denying Maintenance and Punishing Ungrateful Freedmen

Passage 3712 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

It discusses the penalty (loss of rights) for a patron who refuses to maintain a needy freedman, and the severe punishments decreed by Emperor Commodus for ungrateful freedmen (reducing them back to power or selling them).

[MODESTINUS libro singulari de manumissionibus. ] §25.3.6.prAlimenta liberto petente non praestando patronus amissione libertatis causa impositorum et hereditatis liberti punietur: non autem necesse habebit praestare, etiamsi potest.
[MODESTINUS, from the single book on Manumissions.] If a freedman requests maintenance and the patron does not provide it, the patron shall be punished by the loss of the rights imposed on account of freedom and the loss of the inheritance of the freedman; however, he will not be under the necessity of providing it, even if he is able to do so.
§25.3.6.1Imperatoris Commodi constitutio talis profertur: 'Cum probatum sit contumeliis patronos a libertis esse uiolatos uel illata manu atroci esse pulsatos aut etiam paupertate uel corporis ualetudine laborantes relictos, primum eos in potestate patronorum redigi et ministerium dominis praebere cogi: sin autem nec hoc modo admoneantur, uel a praeside emptori addicentur et pretium patronis tribuetur'.
A constitution of the Emperor Commodus is set forth as follows: "When it has been proved that patrons have been violated with insults by their freedmen, or have been beaten by an atrocious hand laid upon them, or even left abandoned while struggling with poverty or bodily illness, first of all, they shall be reduced again under the power of their patrons and compelled to render service to their masters; but if they are not corrected even by this means, they shall either be adjudged by the governor to a purchaser, and the price shall be given to the patrons."

Notes

  1. §25.3.6.prnon praestando — The gerund praestando is an ablative of means, which, together with the ablative absolute liberto petente ("when the freedman requests"), expresses the condition or cause ("by not providing").
  2. §25.3.6.primpositorum — Genitive neuter plural of the perfect passive participle impositus used substantively. Modified by libertatis causa ("on account of freedom"), it refers to the obligations (such as services) imposed on the freedman at the time of manumission. It depends on the ablative amissione ("loss").
  3. §25.3.6.prnon autem necesse habebit praestare — The subject is patronus. It indicates the legal principle that although the patron suffers the penalty of losing certain rights if he fails to provide maintenance, he is not legally under a direct obligation to perform it (i.e., no specific performance is enforced).
  4. §25.3.6.1redigi ... cogi — Accusative with infinitive construction in indirect speech representing the contents of the imperial constitution (constitutio). The subject accusative is eos (them, i.e., the freedmen) mentioned previously.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §25.3.6.pr-25.3.6.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:25.3.6.pr-25.3.6.1

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