[ULPIANUS libro trigesimo primo ad Sabinum. ] §24.3.7.prFructus eos esse constat, qui deducta inpensa supererunt: quod Scaeuola et ad mariti et ad mulieris inpensas refert.
is established that fruits are what remain after expenses have been deducted; Scaeuola applies this to the expenses of both the husband and the wife.
nam si mulier pridie uindemias doti dedit, mox sublatis a marito uindemiis diuortit, non putat ei undecim dumtaxat mensum fructus restitui, sed et impensas, quae, antequam portiones fructuum fiant, deducendae sunt: igitur, si et maritus aliquid inpendit in eundem annum, utriusque inpensae concurrent.
For if a woman gave land as dowry on the day before the vintage, and soon divorced her husband after he had gathered the vintage, he does not think that fruits of only eleven months should be restored to her, but also the expenses which must be deducted before the portions of the fruits are made. Therefore, if the husband also spent something in the same year, the expenses of both will concur.
ita et, si impensarum a muliere factarum ratio habeatur, cum plurimis annis in matrimonio fuit, necesse est primi anni computari temporis quod sit ante datum praedium.
Likewise, if account is taken of the expenses incurred by the woman, when she was in marriage for several years, it is necessary that for the first year the time before the land was given be computed. Papinianus in the eleventh book of Questions says that when a divorce takes place, the fruits are to be divided not from the day of the lease, but taking into account the preceding time during which the woman was in marriage.
§24.3.7.1Papinianus autem libro undecimo quaestionum diuortio facto fructus diuidi ait non ex die locationis, sed habita ratione praecedentis temporis, quo mulier in matrimonio fuit: neque enim, si uindemiae tempore fundus in dotem datus sit eumque uir ex calendis Nouembribus primis fruendum locauerit, mensis Ianuarii suprema die facto diuortio, retinere uirum et uindemiae fructus et eius anni, quo diuortium factum est, quartam partem mercedis aequum est: alioquin si coactis uindemiis altera die diuortium intercedat, fructus integros retinebit.
For it is not equitable, if land was given as dowry at the time of the vintage and the husband leased it for enjoyment from the first of November, and a divorce took place on the last day of January, that the husband should retain both the fruits of the vintage and a fourth part of the rent of that year in which the divorce took place; otherwise, if a divorce should occur on the day after the vintage is gathered, he will retain the fruits entire.
itaque si fine mensis Ianuarii diuortium fiat et quattuor mensibus matrimonium steterit, uindemiae fructus et quarta portio mercedis instantis anni confundi debebunt, ut ex ea pecunia tertia portio uiro relinquatur. §24.3.7.2E contrario quoque idem obseruandum est: nam si mulier percepta uindemia statim fundum uiro in dotem dederit et uir ex calendis Martiis eundem locauerit et calendis Aprilibus primis diuortium fuerit secutum, non solum partem duodecimam mercedis, sed pro modo temporis omnium mensum, quo dotale praedium fuit, ex mercede quae debebitur portionem retinebit. §24.3.7.3Item si messes eius anni, quo diuortium factum est, colonum ex forma locationis sequantur, ante uindemiam soluto matrimonio nihilo minus pecunia messium in computationem cum spe futurae uindemiae ueniet. §24.3.7.4Apparet igitur ex his illos fructus, quos mulier percepit antequam nuberet, non debere in contributionem uenire. §24.3.7.5Ob donationes, item ob res amotas ex his fructibus, qui post diuortium percepti sunt, compensationes fieri possunt. §24.3.7.6Quod in anno dicitur, potest dici et in sex mensibus, si bis in anno fructus capientur, ut est in locis inriguis. §24.3.7.7Et in pluribus annis idem dici potest, ut in silua caedua. §24.3.7.8Item si locatio agri talis sit, ut super annuam mercedem quinquennio quoque aliquid amplius praestaretur: in eo enim quod amplius est tempus ad quinquennium computamus.
Therefore, if a divorce takes place at the end of January and the marriage stood for four months, the fruits of the vintage and a fourth portion of the rent of the current year must be merged, so that out of that money a third portion may be left to the husband. same must also be observed in the contrary case; for if a woman, after gathering the vintage, immediately gave the land to her husband as dowry, and the husband leased it from the first of March, and a divorce followed on the first of April, he will retain from the rent that will be due a portion not only of a twelfth part of the rent, but in proportion to the time of all the months during which the dotal land was held., if the harvests of that year in which the divorce took place belong to the tenant according to the form of the lease, even if the marriage is dissolved before the vintage, nevertheless the money of the harvests will come into the computation along with the expectation of the future vintage. appears therefore from these things that those fruits which the woman gathered before she married ought not to come into the contribution. can be made on account of donations, and likewise on account of things removed, out of those fruits which were gathered after the divorce. is said of a year can also be said of six months, if fruits are taken twice in a year, as is the case in irrigated places. the same can be said of several years, as in the case of a coppice wood., if the lease of land is such that, besides the annual rent, something more was also paid every five years, for we compute the time for that which is more as five years.