[ULPIANUS libro trigesimo primo ad Sabinum. ] §24.3.7.9Non solum autem de fundo, sed etiam de pecore idem dicemus, ut lana ouium fetusque pecorum praestaretur.
Moreover, we shall say the same not only of land but also of cattle, so that the wool of sheep and the offspring of cattle are provided.
quare enim, si maritus prope partum oues doti acceperit, item proximas tonsurae, post partum et tonsas oues protinus diuortio facto nihil reddat? nam et hic fructus toto tempore quo curantur, non quo percipiuntur, rationem accipere debemus.
For why, if a husband received sheep as dowry near to giving birth, or likewise very close to shearing, should he return nothing if a divorce takes place immediately after the birth and after the sheep are shorn? For here also we must take account of the fruits for the whole time they are cared for, not when they are gathered.
§24.3.7.10In seruo quoque anni ratio habetur, si in annum forte operae eius locatae sunt, ut praeteriti temporis ad maritum, post diuortium autem ad mulierem operae pertineant.
In the case of a slave also, account of the year is taken, if by chance his services are leased for a year, so that the services of the past time belong to the husband, but after the divorce to the woman.
§24.3.7.11De pensionibus quoque praediorum urbanorum idem est quod in fructibus rusticorum.
Regarding the rents of urban estates, it is also the same as in the case of rustic fruits.
§24.3.7.12Si fundum uiro uxor in dotem dederit isque inde arbores deciderit, si hae fructus intelleguntur, pro portione anni debent restitui (puto autem, si arbores caeduae fuerunt uel gremiales, dici oportet in fructu cedere), si minus, quasi deteriorem fundum fecerit, maritus tenebitur.
If a wife gave a land to her husband as dowry and he cut down trees from it, if these are understood as fruits, they must be restored in proportion to the year (but I think that, if the trees were coppice or garden trees, it ought to be said that they yield as fruit); if not, the husband will be liable as if he had made the land worse.
sed et si ui tempestatis ceciderunt, dici oportet pretium earum restituendum mulieri nec in fructum cedere non magis, quam si thensaurus fuerit inuentus: in fructum enim non computabitur, sed pars eius dimidia restituetur quasi in alieno inuenti.
But even if they fell by the force of a storm, it ought to be said that their price must be restored to the woman and does not yield as fruit, no more than if a treasure had been found; for it will not be computed as fruit, but half of it will be restored as if found on another's land.
§24.3.7.13Si uir in fundo mulieris dotali lapidicinas marmoreas inuenerit et fundum fructuosiorem fecerit, marmor, quod caesum neque exportatum est, mariti et impensa non est ei praestanda, quia nec in fructu est marmor: nisi tale sit, ut lapis ibi renascatur, quales sunt in Gallia, sunt et in Asia.
If a husband found marble quarries on the dotal land of his wife and made the land more profitable, the marble which has been quarried but not carried away belongs to the husband, and the expense is not to be paid to him, because marble is not included in fruit; unless it is of such a nature that the stone regenerates there, such as there are in Gaul, and also in Asia.
Sed si cretifodinae, argenti fodinae §24.3.7.14uel auri uel cuius alterius materiae sint uel harenae, utique in fructu habebuntur.
But if there are chalk pits, silver mines, or gold mines, or mines of any other material, or sand pits, they will certainly be held as fruit.
§24.3.7.15Interdum marito de fructibus a muliere cauetur et nihil retinet, si fructibus stantibus fundum mulier recipiet: interdum retinebit tantum maritus et nihil restituet, id est si non plus erit, quam pro portione eum retinere oportet: interdum uero et reddet, si plus percepit quam eum retinere oportet.
Sometimes security is given to the husband by the woman regarding the fruits, and he retains nothing, if the woman receives the land while the fruits are still standing; sometimes the husband will retain only so much and restore nothing, that is, if it is not more than he ought to retain in proportion; but sometimes he will even restore, if he gathered more than he ought to retain.
eadem condicio erit etiam, si cum socero uel cum herede alterutrius de dote agatur.
The same condition will also apply if an action for the dowry is brought against the father-in-law or against the heir of either party.
§24.3.7.16Impendi autem fructuum percipiendorum Pomponius ait, quod in arando serendoque agro impensum est, quodque in tutelam aedificiorum aegrumue seruum curandum, scilicet si ex aedificio uel seruo fructus aliqui percipiebantur.
But Pomponius says that the expenses for gathering fruits are what has been spent on plowing and sowing the field, and what has been spent on the protection of buildings or curing a sick slave, namely if some fruits were gathered from the building or slave.
sed hae inpensae non petentur, cum maritus fructum totum anni retinet, quia ex fructibus prius impensis satisfaciendum est.
But these expenses will not be claimed when the husband retains the whole fruit of the year, because the expenses must first be satisfied out of the fruits.
plane si nouam uillam necessario exstruxit uel ueterem totam sine culpa sua conlapsam restituerit, erit eius impensae petitio: simili modo et si pastina instituit.
Clearly, if he built a new villa out of necessity, or restored an old one that had completely collapsed without his fault, there will be a claim for that expense; in like manner also if he made new plantings.
hae enim inpensae aut in res necessarias aut utiles cedunt pariuntque marito actionem.
For these expenses yield either to necessary or useful things and give rise to an action for the husband.