[ULPIANUS libro uicesimo nono ad Sabinum. ] §21.2.21.prSi seruus uenditus decesserit antequam euincatur, stipulatio non committitur, quia nemo eum euincat, sed factum humanae sortis: de dolo tamen poterit agi, si dolus intercesserit.
[ULPIAN, Commentary on Sabinus, Book Twenty-Nine.] If a slave who has been sold dies before he is evicted, the stipulation is not forfeited, because it is not anyone who evicts him, but an event of human lot; however, an action can be brought for fraud, if fraud has intervened.
§21.2.21.1Inde Iulianus libro quadragesimo tertio eleganter definit duplae stipulationem tunc committi, quotiens res ita amittitur, ut eam emptori habere non liceat propter ipsam euictionem.
Hence Julian, in his forty-third book, elegantly defines that the stipulation for double value is forfeited only when a thing is so lost that the buyer is not allowed to hold it because of the eviction itself.
§21.2.21.2Et ideo ait, si emptor hominis mota sibi controuersia uenditorem dederit procuratorem isque uictus litis aestimationem sustulerit, stipulationem duplae non committi, quia nec mandati actionem procurator hic idemque uenditor habet, ut ab emptore litis aestimationem consequatur: cum igitur neque corpus neque pecunia emptori absit, non oportet committi stipulationem: quamuis, si ipse iudicio accepto uictus esset et litis aestimationem sustulisset, placeat committi stipulationem, ut et ipse Iulianus eodem libro scripsit.
And therefore he says that, if the buyer of a slave, when a dispute is brought against him, appoints the seller as his procurator, and the latter, having been defeated, pays the estimated value of the suit, the stipulation for double value is not forfeited, because this procurator, who is also the seller, does not have an action on mandate to recover the estimated value of the suit from the buyer; since, therefore, the buyer lacks neither the physical thing nor the money, the stipulation ought not to be forfeited. Although, if the buyer himself, having accepted the trial, had been defeated and had paid the estimated value of the suit, it is agreed that the stipulation is forfeited, as Julian himself wrote in the same book.
neque enim habere licet eum, cuius si pretium quis non dedisset, ab aduersario auferretur: prope enim hunc ex secunda emptione, id est ex litis aestimatione emptori habere licet, non ex pristina.
For one cannot be said to be allowed to hold that which, if one had not given its price, would have been taken away by the adversary; for it is virtually by virtue of a second purchase—that is, from the payment of the estimated value of the suit—that the buyer is allowed to hold this slave, and not from the original one.
§21.2.21.3Idem Iulianus eodem libro scribit, si lite contestata fugerit homo culpa possessoris, damnatus quidem erit possessor, sed non statim eum ad uenditorem regressurum et ex duplae stipulatione acturum, quia interim non propter euictionem, sed propter fugam ei hominem habere non licet: plane, inquit, cum adprehenderit possessionem fugitiui, tunc committi stipulationem Iulianus ait.
The same Julian writes in the same book that, if after joinder of issue the slave runs away through the fault of the possessor, the possessor will indeed be condemned, but he will not immediately have recourse against the seller and sue on the stipulation for double value, because in the meantime he is not allowed to hold the slave because of the runaway, not because of the eviction. Clearly, Julian says, when he recovers possession of the runaway, then the stipulation is forfeited.
nam et si sine culpa possessoris fugisset, deinde cautionibus interpositis absolutus esset, non alias committeretur stipulatio, quam si adprehensum hominem restituisset.
For even if the slave had run away without the fault of the possessor, and then the latter had been acquitted after entering into security, the stipulation would not be forfeited unless he restored the captured slave.
ubi igitur litis aestimationem optulit, sufficit adprehendere: ubi cauit, non prius, nisi restituerit.
Where, therefore, he has offered the estimated value of the suit, it is sufficient to capture him; where he has given security, it is not forfeited until he has restored him.