[ULPIANUS libro primo ad edictum aedilium curulium. ] §21.1.31.prQuodsi nolit uenditor hominem recipere, non in maiorem summam, inquit, quam in pretium ei condemnandum. ob haec ergo, quae propter seruum damna sensit, solam dabimus ei corporis retentionem: ceterum poterit euitare praestationem uenditor, si nolit hominem recipere, quo facto pretii praestationem eorumque quae pretium sequuntur solam non euitabit.
[ULPIANUS first book on the edict of the curule aediles.] But if the seller is unwilling to receive the slave, the edict says: "he must not be condemned for a greater sum than the price." Therefore, on account of these losses which the buyer has suffered because of the slave, we shall grant him only the retention of the physical body; otherwise, the seller can avoid payment, if he is unwilling to receive the slave, but even by doing this, he will not avoid only the payment of the price and of those things which follow the price.
§21.1.31.1Si uenditor pronuntiauerit uel promiserit furem non esse, tenetur ex sua promissione, si furtum seruus fecit: esse enim hoc casu furem non tantum eum, qui extraneo, sed et eum, qui domino suo res subtraxit, intellegendum est.
If the seller has declared or promised that the slave is not a thief, he is bound by his promise if the slave has committed a theft; for in this case, it must be understood that a thief is not only one who has stolen things from a stranger, but also one who has stolen from his own master.
§21.1.31.2Si ancilla redhibeatur, et quod ex ea post uenditionem natum erit reddetur, siue unus partus sit siue plures.
If a female slave is restored, that which is born of her after the sale shall also be restored, whether it be one birth or several.
§21.1.31.3Sed et si forte usus fructus proprietati adcreuerit, indubitate hic quoque restituetur.
But also, if by chance a usufruct has accrued to the ownership, undoubtedly this too will be restored.
§21.1.31.4Si peculium quaesiit apud emptorem, quid de hoc dicemus? et si quidem ex re emptoris accessit, dicendum est apud ipsum relinquendum, si aliunde creuit, uenditori restituendum est.
If the slave has acquired a peculium while with the buyer, what shall we say of this? Indeed, if it accrued from the property of the buyer, it must be said that it should be left with the buyer himself; if it grew from elsewhere, it must be restored to the seller.
§21.1.31.5Si plures heredes sint emptoris, an omnes ad redhibendum consentire debeant, uideamus.
If there are several heirs of the buyer, let us see whether all must consent to the restoration.
et ait Pomponius omnes consentire debere ad redhibendum dareque unum procuratorem, ne forte uenditor iniuriam patiatur, dum ab alio partem recipit hominis, alii in partem pretii condemnatur, quanti minoris is homo sit.
And Pomponius says that all must consent to the restoration and appoint one procurator, lest by chance the seller suffer an injustice, while he receives a part of the slave from one, and is condemned to another for a part of the price, to the extent of how much less that slave is worth.
§21.1.31.6Idem ait homine mortuo uel etiam redhibito singulos pro suis portionibus recte agere.
The same writer says that if the slave is dead or even restored, each heir can rightly bring an action for their respective portions.
pretium autem et accessiones pro parte recipient: sed et fructus accessionis et si quo deterior homo factus est pro parte praestabitur ab ipsis, nisi forte tale sit, quod diuisionem non recipiat, ut puta ancillae partus: in hoc enim idem seruandum est, quod in ipsa matre uendita, quam pro parte redhiberi posse negauimus.
Moreover, they will receive the price and the accessions in proportion; but the fruits of the accession and the extent to which the slave has been made worse will also be provided by them in proportion, unless by chance it is of such a nature that it does not admit of division, as for example, the offspring of a female slave; for in this case, the same rule must be observed as for the sold mother herself, whom we have denied could be restored in part.
§21.1.31.7Marcellus quoque scribit, si seruus communis seruum emerit et sit in causa redhibitionis, unum ex dominis pro parte sua redhibere seruum non posse: non magis, inquit, quam cum emptori plures heredes exstiterunt nec omnes ad redhibendum consentiunt.
Marcellus also writes that if a common slave has bought a slave and there is cause for restoration, one of the owners cannot restore the slave for his own part; no more, he says, than when several heirs have succeeded to the buyer and not all consent to the restoration.
§21.1.31.8Idem Marcellus ait non posse alterum ex dominis consequi actionem ex empto, ut sibi pro parte uenditor tradat, si pro portione pretium dabit: et hoc in emptoribus seruari oportere ait: nam uenditor pignoris loco quod uendidit retinet, quoad emptor satisfaciat.
The same Marcellus says that one of the owners cannot pursue the action on purchase so that the seller delivers the slave to him in part, if he gives the price in proportion; and he says that this must be observed among buyers; for the seller holds what he sold in place of a pledge until the buyer gives satisfaction.
§21.1.31.9Pomponius ait, si unus ex heredibus uel familia eius uel procurator culpa uel dolo fecerit rem deteriorem, aequum esse in solidum eum teneri arbitrio iudicis: hoc autem expeditus esse, si omnes heredes unum procuratorem ad agendum dederunt.
Pomponius says that if one of the heirs, or his family, or his procurator, by negligence or intent, has made the thing worse, it is fair that he be held for the whole at the discretion of the judge; but this is more straightforward if all the heirs have given one procurator for the action.
tunc et si quo deterior seruus culpa unius heredum factus est et hoc solutum est, ceteri familiae herciscundae iudicium aduersus eum habent, quia propter ipsum damnum sentiunt impediunturque redhibere.
Then, even if the slave has been made worse by the fault of one of the heirs and this has been paid, the other heirs have the action for dividing the inheritance against him, because they suffer damage and are prevented from restoring on account of him.
§21.1.31.10Si uenditori plures heredes exstiterint, singulis pro portione hereditaria poterit seruus redhiberi.
If several heirs have succeeded to the seller, the slave can be restored to each in proportion to their hereditary share.
et si seruus plurium uenierit, idem erit dicendum: nam si unus a pluribus uel plures ab uno uel plura mancipia ab uno emantur, uerius est dicere, si quasi plures rei fuerunt uenditores, singulis in solidum redhibendum: si tamen partes emptae sint a singulis, recte dicetur alteri quidem posse redhiberi, cum altero autem agi quanto minoris.
And if the slave of several owners has been sold, the same must be said; for if one is bought from several, or several from one, or several slaves from one, it is more correct to say that, if the sellers were, as it were, several joint debtors, restoration must be made to each for the whole; if, however, shares were bought from each, it will be rightly said that restoration can be made to one, but an action for reduction of price can be brought against the other.
item si plures singuli partes ab uno emant, tunc pro parte quisque eorum experietur: sed si in solidum emant, unusquisque in solidum redhibebit.
Likewise, if several individuals buy shares from one, then each of them will sue for his part; but if they buy for the whole, each one will restore for the whole.
§21.1.31.11Si mancipium quod redhiberi oportet mortuum erit, hoc quaeretur, numquid culpa emptoris uel familiae eius uel procuratoris demortuus sit: nam si culpa eius decessit, pro uiuo habendus est, et praestentur ea omnia, quae praestarentur, si uiueret.
If the slave who ought to be restored is dead, it will be asked whether he died by the fault of the buyer, or of his family, or of his procurator; for if he died by his fault, he must be held as living, and all those things must be provided which would be provided if he were alive.