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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §20.6.4.pr-20.6.4.2

Pledge Extinction by Creditor Consent and Invalid Sales

Passage 3002 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Discusses the validity of a pledge when a debtor returns a pledged slave to the seller, the release and preservation of a pledge when a creditor consents to or ratifies its disposal, and the survival of a pledge when the consented sale is legally invalid.

[IDEM libro septuagesimo tertio ad edictum. ] §20.6.4.prSi debitor, cuius res pignori obligatae erant, seruum quem emerat redhibuerit, an desinat Seruianae locus esse? et magis est, ne desinat, nisi ex uoluntate creditoris hoc factum est. §20.6.4.1Si in uenditione pignoris consenserit creditor uel ut debitor hanc rem permutet uel donet uel in dotem det, dicendum erit pignus liberari, nisi salua causa pignoris sui consensit uel uenditioni uel ceteris: nam solent multi salua causa pignoris sui consentire.
[THE SAME, in the seventy-third book on the Edict.]\n\nIf a debtor, whose property had been bound as a pledge, should return a slave whom he had bought, does the Servian action cease to apply? And the better opinion is that it does not cease, unless this was done with the consent of the creditor.\n\nIf the creditor has consented to the sale of the pledge, or to the debtor's exchanging, donating, or giving this thing as a dowry, it must be said that the pledge is released, unless he consented to the sale or the other acts while preserving the right of his pledge; for many are accustomed to consent while preserving the right of their pledge.
sed si ipse uendiderit creditor, sic tamen uenditionem fecit, ne discederet a pignore, nisi ei satisfiat, dicendum erit exceptionem ei non nocere.
But if the creditor himself has sold it, yet made the sale in such a way that he would not part with the pledge unless he is satisfied, it must be said that the exception does not harm him.
sed et si non concesserat pignus uenumdari, sed ratam habuit uenditionem, idem erit probandum. §20.6.4.2Belle quaeritur, si forte uenditio rei specialiter obligatae non ualeat, an nocere haec res creditori debeat quod consensit, ut puta si qua ratio iuris uenditionem impediat? dicendum est pignus ualere.
But even if he had not permitted the pledge to be sold, but ratified the sale, the same must be approved.\n\nIt is an elegant question whether, if perchance the sale of a thing specifically bound is invalid, this fact ought to harm the creditor because he consented—as, for example, if some legal reason should impede the sale? It must be said that the pledge remains valid.

Notes

  1. §20.6.4.prSeruianae — The genitive (or dative) feminine singular of the adjective Servianus, where the noun `actio` (action) is omitted, referring to the `actio Serviana` (Servian action). Coupled with `locus` (room, place), it means 'room for the Servian action to apply'.
  2. §20.6.4.1salua causa pignoris sui — An ablative absolute construction where the feminine singular ablative of the adjective `saluus` (safe, unimpaired) and the noun `causa` (cause, legal status) express a condition or attendant circumstance: 'while preserving the legal force of his own pledge'.
  3. §20.6.4.2quod consensit — A noun clause introduced by the conjunction `quod` ('that'), functioning in apposition to explain the substance of the subject `haec res` ('this fact/matter'), meaning 'the fact that he consented'.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §20.6.4.pr-20.6.4.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:20.6.4.pr-20.6.4.2

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