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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §19.5.16.pr-19.5.16.1

Remedies and Actions in Agreements to Dig Chalk or Sow Crops

Passage 2903 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Pomponius and Aristo discuss the nature of available civil actions when a party fails to fulfill their duty or prevents harvesting after having permitted the digging of chalk or sowing of crops on their land.

[POMPONIUS libro uicesimo secundo ad Sabinum. ] §19.5.16.prPermisisti mihi cretam eximere de agro tuo ita, ut eum locum, unde exemissem, replerem: exemi nec repleo: quaesitum est, quam habeas actionem.
[POMPONIUS in the twenty-second book on Sabinus.] You permitted me to dig out chalk from your land on the condition that I should refill the place from which I had dug it out; I dug it out but do not refill it. The question has been raised as to what action you have.
sed certum est ciuilem actionem incerti competere: si autem uendidisti cretam, ex uendito ages.
But it is certain that a civil action for an uncertain thing is available. If, however, you sold the chalk, you will sue on the sale.
quod si post exemptionem cretae repleuero nec patieris me cretam tollere tu, agam ad exhibendum, quia mea facta est, cum uoluntate tua exempta sit.
But if, after the digging out of the chalk, I have refilled the place, and you do not allow me to take the chalk away, I shall bring an action for production, because it became mine since it was dug out with your consent.
§19.5.16.1Permisisti mihi, ut sererem in fundo tuo et fructus tollerem: seui nec pateris me fructus tollere.
You permitted me to sow in your land and to gather the fruits; I sowed, but you do not allow me to gather the fruits.
nullam iuris ciuilis actionem esse Aristo ait: an in factum dari debeat, deliberari posse: sed erit de dolo.
Aristo says that there is no civil law action; whether an action on the facts ought to be given can be considered, but there will be an action for fraud.

Notes

  1. §19.5.16.prita, ut eum locum, unde exemissem, replerem — The phrase ita, ut followed by the subjunctive expresses a restrictive condition ('on the condition that'). The verb exemissem is in the pluperfect subjunctive, reflecting the subordinate clause dependent on a past-tense main verb (permisisti) and characterizing the action within the condition.
  2. §19.5.16.practionem incerti — incerti is the genitive of incertum ('an uncertain thing'). The actio incerti refers to a civil law action (specifically an actio praescriptis uerbis) used when the precise obligation is not predetermined at the time of the agreement.
  3. §19.5.16.1an in factum dari debeat, deliberari posse — an introduces an indirect question ('whether'), with actionem understood with in factum (an action on the facts). deliberari posse is part of the accusative with infinitive (A.c.I.) construction dependent on ait, meaning 'it can be deliberated/considered' in an impersonal sense.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §19.5.16.pr-19.5.16.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:19.5.16.pr-19.5.16.1

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