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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §13.7.25.pr

Reimbursement for Training Pledged Slaves and the Counter-Action

Passage 2163 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

The passage discusses whether a creditor can claim reimbursement (via a counter-action) for training pledged slaves, and emphasizes that the judge must decide moderately, balancing the debtor's capacity to pay.

[IDEM libro trigensimo primo ad edictum. ] §13.7.25.prSi seruos pigneratos artificiis instruxit creditor, si quidem iam imbutos uel uoluntate debitoris, erit actio contraria: si uero nihil horum intercessit, si quidem artificiis necessariis, erit actio contraria, non tamen sic, ut cogatur seruis carere pro quantitate sumptuum debitor.
[THE SAME, On the Edict, Book 31] If a creditor has instructed pledged slaves in trades, if indeed they were already trained or it was by the will of the debtor, there will be a counter-action; but if neither of these was the case, if indeed they were necessary trades, there will be a counter-action, yet not in such a way that the debtor is forced to do without the slaves due to the amount of the expenses.
sicut enim neglegere ditorem dolus et culpa quam praestat non patitur, ita nec talem efficere pigneratam, ut grauis sit debitori ad reciperandum: puta saltum grandem pignori datum ab homine, qui uix luere potest, nedum excolere, tu acceptum pignori excoluisti sic, ut magni pretii faceres: alioquin non est aequum aut quaerere me alios creditores aut cogi distrahere quod uelim receptum aut tibi paenuria coactum derelinquere.
For just as the fraud and fault for which he is responsible do not allow him to neglect the pledge, so also he must not make the pledged thing of such a character that it is heavy for the debtor to recover: for example, if a large estate was given in pledge by a man who can scarcely redeem it, let alone cultivate it, and you, having received it in pledge, have cultivated it in such a way as to make it of great value; otherwise, it is not fair that I should either have to look for other creditors, or be forced to sell what I wished to have returned, or be compelled by poverty to abandon it to you.
medie igitur haec a iudice erunt dispicienda, ut neque delicatus debitor neque onerosus creditor audiatur.
Therefore, these matters must be examined moderately by the judge, so that neither a fastidious debtor nor an oppressive creditor is heard.

Notes

  1. 13.7.25.prneglegere ditorem — The word "ditorem" in the manuscript tradition is generally regarded as a corruption of "rem" or "pignus". Since neglecting the pledged object violates the creditor's duty of care (dolus et culpa), it is interpreted here as "neglecting the pledge."
  2. 13.7.25.prcogatur seruis carere pro quantitate sumptuum debitor — The verb "carere" governs the ablative ("seruis"), meaning "to do without" or "to lose". It sets a limit so that the obligation to reimburse useful expenses incurred by the creditor does not exceed the debtor's financial capacity, which would effectively force them to abandon the recovery of the slaves.
  3. 13.7.25.praut quaerere me alios creditores — The accusative "me" functions as the common subject of the three subsequent infinitive clauses ("quaerere", "cogi", "derelinquere") depending on the impersonal construction "non est aequum".

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §13.7.25.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:13.7.25.pr

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