[ULPIANUS libro trigensimo ad edictum. ] §13.7.24.prElegenter apud me quaesitum est, si impetrasset creditor a Caesare, ut pignus possideret idque euictum esset, an habeat contrariam pigneraticiam.
[ULPIANUS, On the Edict, Book 30] An ingenious question was raised before me: if a creditor had obtained from the Emperor [the right] to possess the pledge and it was evicted, whether he has the counter-action of pledge.
et uidetur finita esse pignoris obligatio et a contractu recessum.
And it seems that the obligation of pledge is ended and there is a withdrawal from the contract.
immo utilis ex empto accommodata est, quemadmodum si pro soluto ei res data fuerit, ut in quantitatem debiti ei satisfiat uel in quantum eius intersit, et compensationem habere potest creditor, si forte pigneraticia uel ex alia causa cum eo agetur.
On the contrary, an analogous action on purchase is granted, just as if a thing had been given to him in lieu of payment, so that he is satisfied either to the amount of the debt or to the extent of his interest; and the creditor can have a set-off if perhaps he is sued under the action of pledge or on some other ground.
§13.7.24.1Qui reprobos nummos soluit creditori, an habet pigneraticiam actionem quasi soluta pecunia, quaeritur: et constat neque pigneraticia eum agere neque liberari posse, quia reproba pecunia non liberat soluentem, reprobis uidelicet nummis reddendis.
The question is raised whether one who pays bad coins to a creditor has the action of pledge, as if the money had been paid; and it is established that he can neither sue by the action of pledge nor be released, because bad money does not release the payer, since the bad coins must, of course, be returned.
§13.7.24.2Si uendiderit quidem creditor pignus pluris quam debitum erat, nondum autem pretium ab emptore exegerit, an pigneraticio iudicio conueniri possit ad superfluum reddendum, an uero uel exspectare debeat, quoad emptor soluat, uel suscipere actiones aduersus emptorem? et arbitror non esse urguendum ad solutionem creditorem, sed aut exspectare debere debitorem aut, si non exspectat, mandandas ei actiones aduersus emptorem periculo tamen uenditoris.
If indeed the creditor has sold the pledge for more than the debt, but has not yet collected the price from the buyer, whether he can be sued in the action of pledge for the return of the surplus, or indeed whether the debtor must either wait until the buyer pays, or take over the actions against the buyer? And I think that the creditor is not to be pressed for payment, but either the debtor must wait, or, if he does not wait, the actions against the buyer must be mandated to him, at the risk, however, of the seller.
quod si accepit iam pecuniam, superfluum reddit.
But if he has already received the money, he returns the surplus.
§13.7.24.3In pigneraticio iudicio uenit et si res pignori datas male tractauit creditor uel seruos debilitauit.
In the action of pledge, it also comes into consideration if the creditor has treated the things given in pledge badly or has crippled the slaves.
plane si pro maleficiis suis coercuit uel uinxit uel optulit praefecturae uel praesidi, dicendum est pigneraticia creditorem non teneri.
Clearly, if on account of their wrongdoings he restrained them, bound them, or presented them to the prefecture or the governor, it must be said that the creditor is not held liable under the action of pledge.
quare si prostituit ancillam uel aliud improbatum facere coegit, ilico pignus ancillae soluitur.
Therefore, if he has prostituted a female slave or forced her to do any other disapproved thing, the pledge of the female slave is immediately dissolved.