[POMPONIUS libro singulari enchiridii. ] §1.2.2.32Capta deinde Sardinia, mox Sicilia, item Hispania, deinde Narbonensi prouincia totidem praetores, quot prouinciae in dicionem uenerant, creati sunt, partim qui urbanis rebus, partim qui prouincialibus praeessent.
Sardinia having then been captured, soon after Sicily, likewise Spain, and then the province of Narbonensis, as many praetors were created as there were provinces that had come under our sway, partly to preside over urban matters, partly over provincial matters.
deinde Cornelius Sulla quaestiones publicas constituit, ueluti de falso, de parricidio, de sicariis, et praetores quattuor adiecit.
Then Cornelius Sulla established public inquiries, as for example concerning forgery, concerning parricide, concerning assassins, and added four praetors.
deinde Gaius Iulius Caesar duos praetores et duos aediles qui frumento praeessent et a Cerere cereales constituit.
Then Gaius Julius Caesar established two praetors and two aediles to preside over grain, called cereales after Ceres.
ita duodecim praetores, sex aediles sunt creati.
Thus twelve praetors and six aediles were created.
diuus deinde Augustus sedecim praetores constituit.
Then the deified Augustus established sixteen praetors.
post deinde diuus Claudius duos praetores adiecit qui de fideicommisso ius dicerent, ex quibus unum diuus Titus detraxit: et adiecit diuus Nerua qui inter fiscum et priuatos ius diceret.
Afterwards, the deified Claudius added two praetors to administer justice concerning trust-bequests, of whom the deified Titus removed one; and the deified Nerva added one to administer justice between the treasury and private individuals.
ita decem et octo praetores in ciuitate ius dicunt.
Thus eighteen praetors administer justice in the city.
§1.2.2.33Et haec omnia, quotiens in re publica sunt magistratus, obseruantur: quotiens autem proficiscuntur, unus relinquitur, qui ius dicat: is uocatur praefectus urbi.
And all these things are observed as often as there are magistrates in the republic; but as often as they depart, one is left behind to administer justice, and he is called the prefect of the city.
qui praefectus olim constituebatur: postea fere Latinarum feriarum causa introductus est et quotannis obseruatur.
This prefect was formerly established temporarily; afterwards he was introduced almost solely for the sake of the Latin festivals, and this is observed annually.
nam praefectus annonae et uigilum non sunt magistratus, sed extra ordinem utilitatis causa constituti sunt.
For the prefect of the grain supply and the prefect of the watch are not magistrates, but were established extraordinarily for the sake of utility.
et tamen hi, quos Cistiberes diximus, postea aediles senatus consulto creabantur.
And yet those whom we called Cistiberes were afterwards created aediles by a decree of the senate.
§1.2.2.34Ergo ex his omnibus decem tribuni plebis, consules duo, decem et octo praetores, sex aediles in ciuitate iura reddebant.
Therefore, from all of these, ten tribunes of the plebs, two consuls, eighteen praetors, and six aediles administered justice in the city.
§1.2.2.35Iuris ciuilis scientiam plurimi et maximi uiri professi sunt: sed qui eorum maximae dignationis apud populum Romanum fuerunt, eorum in praesentia mentio habenda est, ut appareat, a quibus et qualibus haec iura orta et tradita sunt.
Very many and very great men have professed the knowledge of civil law; but mention must be made at present of those of them who were of the greatest esteem among the Roman people, so that it may appear by whom and by what kind of men these laws were originated and handed down.
et quidem ex omnibus, qui scientiam nancti sunt, ante Tiberium Coruncanium publice professum neminem traditur: ceteri autem ad hunc uel in latenti ius ciuile retinere cogitabant solumque consultatoribus uacare potius quam discere uolentibus se praestabant.
And indeed, of all who acquired this knowledge, it is recorded that before Tiberius Coruncanius no one professed it publicly; but the others up to his time thought rather of keeping the civil law in secret, and made themselves available only to those who consulted them rather than to those who wished to learn.
§1.2.2.36Fuit autem in primis peritus PUBLIUS PAPIRIUS, qui leges regias in unum contulit.
Now among the first, Publius Papirius was skilled, who collected the royal laws into one.
ab hoc APPIUS CLAUDIUS unus ex decemuiris, cuius maximum consilium in duodecim tabulis scribendis fuit.
Next to him was Appius Claudius, one of the decemvirs, whose counsel was greatest in writing the Twelve Tables.
post hunc APPIUS CLAUDIUS eiusdem generis maximam scientiam habuit: hic Centemmanus appellatus est, Appiam uiam strauit et aquam Claudiam induxit et de Pyrrho in urbe non recipiendo sententiam tulit: hunc etiam actiones scripsisse traditum est primum de usurpationibus, qui liber non exstat: idem Appius Claudius, qui uidetur ab hoc processisse, R litteram inuenit, ut pro Ualesiis Ualerii essent et pro Fusiis Furii.
After him, Appius Claudius of the same family had the greatest knowledge; he was called Centemmanus, paved the Appian Way, introduced the Claudian water, and delivered an opinion against receiving Pyrrhus into the city; it is also recorded that he first wrote actions concerning usurpations, which book is not extant. This same Appius Claudius, who seems to have descended from the former Appius, invented the letter R, so that there should be Valerii instead of Valesii and Furii instead of Fusii.
§1.2.2.37Fuit post eos maximae scientiae SEMPRONIUS, quem populus Romanus σοφὸν appellauit, nec quisquam ante hunc aut post hunc hoc nomine cognominatus est.
After them was Sempronius, of the greatest knowledge, whom the Roman people called 'sophos', nor was anyone before him or after him surnamed by this name.
GAIUS SCIPIO NASICA, qui optimus a senatu appellatus est: cui etiam publice domus in sacra uia data est, quo facilius consuli posset.
There was also Gaius Scipio Nasica, who was called 'optimus' by the senate; to whom also a house on the Sacred Way was publicly given, so that he might be consulted more easily.
deinde QUINTUS MUCIUS, qui ad Carthaginienses missus legatus, cum essent duae tesserae positae una pacis altera belli, arbitrio sibi dato, utram uellet referret Romam, utramque sustulit et ait Carthaginienses petere debere, utram mallent accipere.
Then Quintus Mucius, who having been sent as an ambassador to the Carthaginians, when two tokens had been placed before him, one of peace and the other of war, and the choice having been given to him as to which he wished to bring back to Rome, took up both and said that the Carthaginians themselves ought to ask which of the two they preferred to receive.
§1.2.2.38Post hos fuit TIBERIUS CORUNCANIUS, ut dixi, qui primus profiteri coepit: cuius tamen scriptum nullum exstat, sed responsa complura et memorabilia eius fuerunt.
After these was Tiberius Coruncanius, as I have said, who first began to profess publicly; of whom however no writing is extant, but his opinions (responsa) were numerous and memorable.
deinde SEXTUS AELIUS et frater eius PUBLIUS AELIUS et PUBLIUS ATILIUS maximam scientiam in profitendo habuerunt, ut duo Aelii etiam consules fuerint, Atilius autem primus a populo Sapiens appellatus est.
Then Sextus Aelius and his brother Publius Aelius, and Publius Atilius had the greatest knowledge in public profession, so that the two Aelii were even consuls, while Atilius was first called 'Sapiens' by the people.
Sextum Aelium etiam Ennius laudauit et exstat illius liber qui inscribitur 'tripertita', qui liber ueluti cunabula iuris continet: tripertita autem dicitur, quoniam lege duodecim tabularum praeposita iungitur interpretatio, deinde subtexitur legis actio.
Ennius also praised Sextus Aelius, and his book which is entitled 'Tripertita' is extant, which book contains, as it were, the cradle of law; and it is called 'Tripertita' because, the law of the Twelve Tables being placed first, the interpretation is joined to it, and then the action of the law is subjoined.
eiusdem esse tres alii libri referuntur, quos tamen quidam negant eiusdem esse: hos sectatus ad aliquid est Cato.
Three other books are reported to be by the same author, which however some deny to be his; Cato followed these to some extent.
deinde MARCUS CATO princeps Porciae familiae, cuius et libri exstant: sed plurimi filii eius, ex quibus ceteri oriuntur.
Then Marcus Cato, the leader of the Porcian family, whose books also are extant; but the most are by his son, from whom the rest originated.