[POMPONIUS libro singulari enchiridii. ] §1.2.2.21Itemque ut essent qui aedibus praeessent, in quibus omnia scita sua plebs deferebat, duos ex plebe constituerunt, qui etiam aediles appellati sunt.
And likewise, so that there should be those who presided over the temples, into which the plebeians brought all their decrees, they established two from the plebeians, who were also called aediles.
§1.2.2.22Deinde cum aerarium populi auctius esse coepisset, ut essent qui illi praeessent, constituti sunt quaestores, qui pecuniae praeessent, dicti ab eo quod inquirendae et conseruandae pecuniae causa creati erant.
Then, when the treasury of the people had begun to be more enriched, so that there should be those to preside over it, quaestors were established to preside over the money, so called from the fact that they had been created for the purpose of inquiring into and preserving the money.
§1.2.2.23Et quia, ut diximus, de capite ciuis Romani iniussu populi non erat lege permissum consulibus ius dicere, propterea quaestores constituebantur a populo, qui capitalibus rebus praeessent: hi appellabantur quaestores parricidii, quorum etiam meminit lex duodecim tabularum.
And because, as we have said, it was not permitted by law to the consuls to pronounce judgment on the life of a Roman citizen without the order of the people, for that reason quaestors were established by the people to preside over capital matters; these were called quaestors of parricide, of whom the law of the Twelve Tables also makes mention.
§1.2.2.24Et cum placuisset leges quoque ferri, latum est ad populum, uti omnes magistratu se abdicarent, quo decemuiri constituti anno uno cum magistratum prorogarent sibi et cum iniuriose tractarent neque uellent deinceps sufficere magistratibus, ut ipsi et factio sua perpetuo rem publicam occupatum retineret: nimia atque aspera dominatione eo rem perduxerant, ut exercitus a re publica secederet.
And when it had been decided that laws should also be passed, it was proposed to the people that all should abdicate their magistracy, whereby decemvirs were established who, during one year, prolonged their magistracy for themselves and treated people unjustly, and would not thereafter substitute other magistrates, so that they themselves and their faction might keep the republic occupied forever; by an excessive and harsh domination they had brought matters to such a pass that the army seceded from the republic.
initium fuisse secessionis dicitur Uerginius quidam, qui cum animaduertisset Appium Claudium contra ius, quod ipse ex uetere iure in duodecim tabulas transtulerat, uindicias filiae suae a se abdixisse et secundum eum, qui in seruitutem ab eo suppositus petierat, dixisse captumque amore uirginis omne fas ac nefas miscuisse: indignatus, quod uetustissima iuris obseruantia in persona filiae suae defecisset (utpote cum Brutus, qui primus Romae consul fuit, uindicias secundum libertatem dixisset in persona Uindicis Uitelliorum serui, qui proditionis coniurationem indicio suo detexerat) et castitatem filiae uitae quoque eius praeferendam putaret, arrepto cultro de taberna lanionis filiam interfecit in hoc scilicet, ut morte uirginis contumeliam stupri arceret, ac protinus recens a caede madenteque adhuc filiae cruore ad commilitones confugit.
The beginning of the secession is said to have been a certain Virginius, who, when he had observed that Appius Claudius, contrary to the law which he himself had transferred from ancient law into the Twelve Tables, had taken away the vindication of his daughter from him, and had pronounced judgment in favor of the one who, suborned by him, had claimed her into slavery, and, captured by love for the maiden, had mixed all right and wrong; being indignant that the most ancient observance of law had failed in the person of his daughter (inasmuch as Brutus, who was the first consul in Rome, had pronounced the vindication in favor of liberty in the person of Vindex, a slave of the Vitellii, who had by his disclosure revealed the conspiracy of treason) and thinking that the chastity of his daughter was to be preferred even to her life, having snatched a knife from a butcher's shop, killed his daughter, obviously to ward off the disgrace of violation by the death of the maiden, and immediately, fresh from the slaughter and with his daughter's blood still dripping, fled to his fellow soldiers.
qui uniuersi de Algido, ubi tunc belli gerendi causa legiones erant, relictis ducibus pristinis signa in Auentinum transtulerunt, omnisque plebs urbana mox eodem se contulit, populique consensu partim in carcere necati.
All of these, having left their former leaders, transferred their standards from Mount Algidus, where the legions were then for the purpose of waging war, to the Aventine, and all the urban plebeians soon betook themselves to the same place, and by the consensus of the people, the decemvirs were partly put to death in prison.
ita rursus res publica suum statum recepit.
Thus the republic recovered its status again.
§1.2.2.25Deinde cum post aliquot annos duodecim tabulae latae sunt et plebs contenderet cum patribus et uellet ex suo quoque corpore consules creare et patres recusarent: factum est, ut tribuni militum crearentur partim ex plebe, partim ex patribus consulari potestate.
Then, when after some years the Twelve Tables were passed and the plebeians were contending with the patricians and wished to create consuls also from their own body, and the patricians refused, it was brought about that military tribunes with consular power should be created, partly from the plebeians, partly from the patricians.
hique constituti sunt uario numero: interdum enim uiginti || fuerunt, interdum plures, nonnumquam pauciores.
And these were established in varying numbers; for sometimes there were twenty, sometimes more, sometimes fewer.
§1.2.2.26Deinde cum placuisset creari etiam ex plebe consules, coeperunt ex utroque corpore constitui.
Then, when it had been decided that consuls should also be created from the plebeians, they began to be established from both bodies.
tunc, ut aliquo pluris patres haberent, placuit duos ex numero patrum constitui: ita facti sunt aediles curules.
Then, so that the patricians might have something more, it was decided that two should be established from the number of the patricians; thus curule aediles were made.
§1.2.2.27Cumque consules auocarentur bellis finitimis neque esset qui in ciuitate ius reddere posset, factum est, ut praetor quoque crearetur, qui urbanus appellatus est, quod in urbe ius redderet.
And when the consuls were called away by neighboring wars and there was no one who could administer justice in the city, it was brought about that a praetor should also be created, who was called urban because he administered justice in the city.
§1.2.2.28Post aliquot deinde annos non sufficiente co praetore, quod multa turba etiam peregrinorum in ciuitatem ueniret, creatus est et alius praetor, qui peregrinus appellatus est ab eo, quod plerumque inter peregrinos ius dicebat.
Then, after some years, since that single praetor was not sufficient because a great crowd of foreigners also came into the city, another praetor was also created, who was called peregrine from the fact that he commonly administered justice among foreigners.
§1.2.2.29Deinde cum esset necessarius magistratus qui hastae praeessent, decemuiri in litibus iudicandis sunt constituti.
Then, since a magistracy was necessary to preside over the spear, decemvirs for judging lawsuits were established.
§1.2.2.30Constituti sunt eodem tempore et quattuoruiri qui curam uiarum agerent, et triumuiri monetales aeris argenti auri flatores, et triumuiri capitales qui carceris custodiam haberent, ut cum animaduerti oporteret interuentu eorum fieret.
There were established at the same time both the quattuorvirs to take care of the streets, and the triumvirs of the mint, melters of bronze, silver, and gold, and the triumvirs of capital matters to have custody of the prison, so that when it was necessary to inflict punishment, it should be done with their intervention.
§1.2.2.31Et quia magistratibus uespertinis temporibus in publicum esse inconueniens erat, quinqueuiri constituti sunt cis Tiberim et ultis Tiberim, qui possint pro magistratibus fungi.
And because it was inconvenient for the magistrates to be in public during the evening hours, quinquevirs were established on this side of the Tiber and beyond the Tiber, who could perform duties in place of the magistrates.