§9.3.22sed nostra persona utimur pro aliena, et alios pro aliis fingimus.
But we use our own persona instead of another's, and we fashion others in place of others.
utriusque rei exemplum pro Caecina.
An example of both things is in "Pro Caecina".
Pisonem, adversae partis advocatum, adloquens Cicero dicit, restituisse te dixti; nego me ex edicto praetoris restitutum esse;
Addressing Piso, the advocate of the opposing party, Cicero says: "You said 'I restored'; I maintain 'I was not restored by the edict of the praetor'".
verum enim est illud; restituisse se Aebutius dixit, Caecina nego me ex edicto praetoris restitutum esse;
For the actual fact is this: Aebutius said "he restored", Caecina said "I maintain I was not restored by the edict of the praetor".
et ipsum dixti, excussa syllaba, figura in verbo.
And "dixti" itself, with a syllable knocked out, is a figure in the word.
§9.3.23illa quoque ex eodem genere possunt videri: unum quod interpositionem vel interclusionem dicimus, Graeci παρένθεσιν, παρέμπτωσιν vocant, dum continuationi sermonis medius aliqui sensus intervenit: ego cum te (mecum enim saepissime loquitur) patriae reddidissem; cui adiiciunt hyperbaton, §9.3.24quod inter tropos esse noluerunt; alterum, quod est ei figurae sententiarum, quae ἀποστροφή dicitur, simile, sed non sensum mutat, verum formam eloquendi:
"
Decios, Marios magnosque Camillos,
Scipiadas duros bello et te, maxime Caesar. " §9.3.25acutius adhuc in Polydoro,
"
fas omne abrumpit, Polydorum obtruncat et auro
vi potitur.
Those things also can seem to belong to the same genus: one which we call interposition or interclusion, and the Greeks call parenthesis or paremptosis, when some middle sense intervenes in the continuation of the speech: "When I had restored you to your country (for he speaks with me very frequently)"; to which they add hyperbaton, which they did not want to be among the tropes; the other, which is similar to that figure of thought called apostrophe, but does not change the sense, but rather the form of expression: "The Decii, the Marii, and the great Camilli, the Scipios, hard in war, and you, greatest Caesar." Still more acutely in the passage about Polydorus: "He breaks all sacred law, murders Polydorus, and by force possesses the gold.
quid non mortalia pectora cogis
auri sacra fames?
"
hoc, qui tam parva momenta nominibus discreverunt, μετάβασιν vocant, quam et aliter fieri putant:
"
quid loquor? aut ubi sum?
"
To what do you not drive mortal hearts, accursed hunger for gold?" Those who have distinguished such small movements by names call this metastasis, which they think also happens in another way: "What am I saying?
§9.3.26coniunxit autem παρένθεσιν et ἀποστροφήν Vergilius illo loco,
"
haud procul inde citae Mettum in diversa quadrigae
distulerant, (at tu dictis Albane maneres!)
raptabatque viri mendacis viscera Tullus. "
Haec schemata aut his similia, §9.3.27quae erunt per mutationem, adiectionem, detractionem, ordinem, et convertunt in se auditorem nec languere patiuntur subinde aliqua notabili figura excitatum, et habent quandam ex illa vitii similitudine gratiam, ut in cibis interim acor ipse iucundus est.
Or where am I?" Indeed Virgil combined parenthesis and apostrophe in that passage: "Not far from there, swift four-horse chariots had torn Mettius in opposite directions (but you, Alban, should have stood by your words!), and Tullus was dragging the entrails of the lying man." These figures, or others similar to them, which occur through change, addition, omission, and order, both turn the listener toward themselves and do not allow them to languish, being aroused from time to time by some notable figure, and they possess a certain grace from that resemblance to a fault, just as in food sometimes acidity itself is pleasant.
quod continget, si neque supra modum multae fuerint nec eiusdem generis aut iunctae aut frequentes, quia satietatem ut varietas earum, ita raritas effugit.
This will happen if they are neither excessively numerous, nor of the same kind, nor joined together, nor frequent, because just as their variety escapes satiety, so does their rarity.
§9.3.28illud est acrius genus, quod non tantum in ratione positum est loquendi, sed ipsis sensibus cum gratiam tum etiam vires accommodat.
That is a more powerful kind, which is not only placed in the method of speaking, but adapts both grace and strength to the thoughts themselves.
E quibus primum sit, quod fit adiectione.
Of these let the first be that which is made by addition.
plura sunt genera; nam et verba geminantur, vel amplificandi gratia, ut occidi, occidi, non Sp. Maelium; alterum est enim quod indicat, alterum quod adfirmat; vel miserandi, ut
"
A Corydon, Corydon. " §9.3.29quae eadem figura nonnunquam per ironiam ad elevandum convertitur.
There are several kinds; for words are doubled, either for the sake of amplification, as "I killed, I killed, not Spurius Maelius"; for one is what indicates, the other what affirms; or for the sake of pity, as: "Ah, Corydon, Corydon." Which same figure is sometimes turned by irony to disparagement.
similis geminationis post aliquam interiectionem repetitio est, sed paulo etiam vehementior: bona, miserum me! (consumptis enim lacrimis tamen infixus haeret animo dolor) bona, inquam, Cn. Pompeii acerbissimae voci subiecta praeconis. — vivis et vivis non ad deponendam, sed ad confirmandam audaciam. §9.3.30sed ab iisdem verbis plura acriter et instanter incipiunt: nihilne te nocturnum praesidium Palatii, nihil urbis vigiliae, nihil timor populi, nihil consensus bonorum omnium, nihil hic munitissimus habendi senatus locus, nihil horum ora uultusque mouerunt? et in iisdem desinunt: quis eos postulavit? Appius.
Similar to doubling is repetition after some interjection, but even a little more vehement: "The property, wretched me! (for though tears are exhausted, yet the pain remains deeply fixed in my mind) the property, I say, of Gnaeus Pompeius was subjected to the most bitter voice of the herald." — "You live, and you live not to lay down, but to confirm your audacity." But many clauses begin sharply and insistently from the same words: "Did not the nocturnal guard of the Palatine, did not the watches of the city, did not the fear of the people, did not the consensus of all good men, did not this most fortified place for holding the senate, did not the faces and looks of these men move you at all?" And they end in the same: "Who demanded them? Appius.
Quis produxit? Appius. §9.3.31quanquam hoc exemplum ad aliud quoque schema pertinet, cuius et initia inter se et fines iidem sunt, quis et quis, Appius et Appius.
Who produced them? Appius." Although this example also belongs to another figure, whose beginnings and endings are the same as each other, "who" and "who", "Appius" and "Appius".
quale est: qui sunt, qui foedera saepe ruperunt? Carthaginienses.
Such as: "Who are they who have often broken treaties? The Carthaginienses.
qui sunt, qui crudelissime bellum gesserunt? Carthaginienses.
Who are they who have waged war most cruelly? The Carthaginienses.
qui sunt, qui Italiam deformarunt? Carthaginienses.
Who are they who have disfigured Italy? The Carthaginienses.
qui sunt, qui sibi ignosci postulant? Carthaginienses.
Who are they who demand to be pardoned? The Carthaginienses."