§9.3.12haec quoque est, quam ἑτεροίωσιν vocant, cui non dissimilis ἐξαλλαγή dicitur, ut apud Sallustium neque ea res falsum me habuit et duci probare.
This also is what they call heteroiōsis (alteration), to which what is called exallagē (substitution) is not dissimilar, as in Sallust: "nor did that matter keep me false" (neque ea res falsum me habuit) and "to approve to the general" (duci probare).
ex quibus fere praeter novitatem brevitas etiam peti solet.
From these, besides novelty, brevity is also generally sought.
unde eo usque processum est, ut non paeniturum pro non acturo paenitentiam et visuros ad videndum missos idem auctor dixerit.
From this it went so far that the same author said "one who would not repent" (non paeniturum) instead of "one who would not do penance" (non acturo paenitentiam), and "those who would see" (visuros) instead of "those sent to see" (ad videndum missos).
§9.3.13quae ille quidem fecerit schemata, an idem vocari possint, videndum, quia recepta sint.
Whether these indeed, which he made figures, can be called by the same name, must be considered, since they have been accepted.
nam receptis etiam vulgo auctore contenti sumus: ut nunc evaluit rebus agentibus, quod Pollio in Labieno damnat, et contumeliam fecit, quod a Cicerone reprehendi notum est; ad fici enim contumelia dicebant.
For we are satisfied with what is accepted even with the common people as the author: as now "agents of affairs" (rebus agentibus) has prevailed, which Pollio condemns in Labienus, and "he made an insult" (contumeliam fecit), which is known to have been censured by Cicero; for they used to say "to be affected with insult" (adfici contumelia).
§9.3.14alia commendatio vetustatis, cuius amator unice Vergilius fuit:
"
vel cum se pavidum contra mea iurgia iactat. —
progeniem sed enim Troiano a sanguine duci
audierat. "
Quorum similia apud veteres tragicos comicosque sunt plurima.
Another recommendation is that of antiquity, of which Virgil was uniquely a lover: "or when he boasts himself fearful against my chidings.—" "but indeed she had heard that a progeny was being derived from Trojan blood." Of which there are very many similar examples in the ancient tragic and comic poets.
§9.3.15illud et in consuetudine remansit enimvero.
That word "indeed" (enimvero) also remained in usage.
his amplius apud eundem:
"
nam quis te iuuenum confidentissime,
"
quo sermonis initium fit.
More than these in the same author: "for who [sent] you, most confident of youths," with which the speech begins.
sed
"
tam magis illa tremens et tristibus effera flammis,
quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae. "
Quod est versum ex illo: quam magis aerumna urget, tam magis ad malefaciendum viget. §9.3.16pleni talibus antiqui sunt; initio Eunuchi Terentius quid igitur faciam? inquit. alius: ain tandem leno? Catullus in Epithalamio,
"
dum innupta manet, dum cara suis est,
"
cum prius dum significet quoad, sequens usque eo.
But: "by how much the more she trembles and is wild with gloomy flames, by so much the more do the battles grow cruel with shed blood." Which is turned from that old line: "by how much the more trouble presses, by so much the more is he vigorous for doing evil." The ancients are full of such things; in the beginning of the Eunuch, Terence says: "what then shall I do?" Another: "do you really say so, pander?" Catullus in the Epithalamium: "while she remains unmarried, while she is dear to her own," since the first "while" (dum) signifies "as long as" (quoad), and the following "while" (dum) signifies "up to that time" (usque eo).
§9.3.17ex Graeco vero translata vel Sallustii plurima, quale est, vulgus amat fieri, vel Horatii, nam id maxime probat, nec ciceris, nec longae invidit avenae, vel Vergilii,
"
Tyrrhenum navigat aequor. "
sed iam vulgatum actis quoque, saucius pectus. §9.3.18ex eadem parte figurarum priore dicto et adiectio est, quae videri potest supervacua, sed non sine gratia est:
"
nam neque Parnasi vobis iuga, nam neque Pindi; "
potest enim deesse alterum nam.
Indeed, those translated from Greek are very numerous, such as Sallust's "the crowd loves to be done," or Horace's—for he approves of this most—"he envied neither chickpeas nor long oats," or Virgil's: "he navigates the Tyrrhenian sea." But now it is also common even in public records: "wounded as to his breast." From the same former part of figures, there is also addition, which may seem superfluous, but is not without grace: "for neither the ridges of Parnassus to you, for neither of Pindus;" for the second "for" (nam) can be missing.
et apud Horatium illud,
"
Fabriciumque,
hunc et intonsis Curium capillis. "
sed detractiones, quae in complexu sermonis aut vitium habent aut figuram; "
accede ad ignem, iam calesces plus satis. "
plus enim quam satis est. §9.3.19nam de altera detractione pluribus dicendum est.
And in Horace: "and Fabricius, this man and Curius with unshorn hair." But omissions, which in the combination of speech have either a fault or a figure: "draw near to the fire, now you will grow warm more than enough." For it is "more than is enough." For about the other omission we must speak in more detail.
utimur vulgo et comparativis pro absolutis, ut cum se quis infirmiorem esse dicet; duo inter se comparativa committimus: si te, Catilina, comprehendi, si interfici iussero, credo, erit verendum mihi, ne non potius hoc omnes boni serius a me quam quisquam crudelius factum esse dicat. §9.3.20sunt et illa non similia soloecismo quidem, sed tamen numerum mutantia, quae et tropis adsignari solent, ut de uno pluraliter dicamus:
"
sed nos immensum spatiis confecimus aequor; "
et de pluribus singulariter,
"
haud secus ac patriis acer Romanus in armis. "
Specie diversa sed genere eadem et haec sunt, §9.3.21"
neve tibi ad solem vergant vineta cadentem. —
ne mihi tum molles sub divo carpere somnos,
neu dorso nemoris libeat iacuisse per herbas,
"
non enim nescio cui alii prius nec postea sibi uni, sed omnibus praecipit.
We commonly use comparatives for absolutes, as when someone says he is "rather weak" (infirmiorem); we also commit two comparatives to each other: "If I should order you, Catiline, to be arrested, if to be killed, I believe I shall have to fear, lest all good men should say this was done by me too late (serius) rather than anyone should say it was done too cruelly (crudelius)." There are also those not similar to a solecism indeed, but yet changing the number, which are also accustomed to be assigned to tropes, as when we speak of one in the plural: "but we have completed a sea immense in its spaces;" and of many in the singular: "not otherwise than the fierce Roman in his ancestral arms." Different in appearance but the same in kind are also these: "nor let your vineyards slope toward the setting sun.—" "let it not then please me to pluck sweet slumbers under the open sky, nor to lie through the grass on the ridge of a grove," for he does not prescribe to some other person first and afterwards to himself alone, but to all.
sed de nobis loquimur tanquam de aliis: dicit Seruius, negat Tullius.
But we speak of ourselves as if of others: "Servius says, Tullius denies."