Humanitext Reader

Ovid · Sorrows §1.5.1-1.5.84

Praise of a Loyal Friend and Comparison with Odysseus

Passage 7 of 60 · Latin

Summary

Ovid expresses gratitude to an anonymous friend who supported him in his crisis, asserting that true loyalty is tested only in adversity. He then compares his misfortunes to those of Odysseus, emphasizing that his own exile is far more severe and devoid of mythical relief.

§1.5.1O mihi post nullos umquam memorande sodales, §1.5.2et cui praecipue sors mea visa sua est, §1.5.3attonitum qui me, memini, carissime, primus §1.5.4ausus es adloquio sustinuisse tuo, §1.5.5qui mihi consilium vivendi mite dedisti, §1.5.6cum foret in misero pectore mortis amor, §1.5.7scis bene, cui dicam, positis pro nomine signis, §1.5.8officium nec te fallit, amice, tuum.
O friend, never to be forgotten after any of my companions, and to whom especially my lot seemed as your own, you who first, I remember, my dearest, dared to support me, stunned as I was, with your consoling speech, who gave me gentle counsel for living, when there was a love of death in my wretched breast, you know well to whom I speak, signs being put in place of a name, nor does your kindness escape you, my friend.
§1.5.9haec mihi semper erunt imis infixa medullis, §1.5.10perpetuusque animae debitor huius ero, §1.5.11spiritus et vacuas prius hic tenuandus in auras §1.5.12ibit, et in tepido deseret ossa rogo, §1.5.13quam subeant animo meritorum oblivia nostro, §1.5.14et longa pietas excidat ista die.
These things will always be fixed in my deepest marrow, and I shall be a perpetual debtor of this life of mine to you, and this breath will sooner go, to be thinned into empty air, and leave my bones on the warm pyre, than forgetfulness of your merits should steal into our mind, and that loyalty should slip away by length of days.
§1.5.15di tibi sint faciles, tibi di nullius egentem §1.5.16fortunam praestant dissimilemque meae.
May the gods be favorable to you; may they grant you a fortune needing nothing, and unlike to mine.
§1.5.17si tamen haec navis vento ferretur amico, §1.5.18ignoraretur forsitan ista fides.
Yet, if this ship of mine were carried by a friendly wind, that loyalty of yours would perhaps be unknown.
§1.5.19Thesea Pirithous non tam sensisset amicum, §1.5.20si non infernas vivus adisset aquas, §1.5.21ut foret exemplum veri Phoceus amoris, §1.5.22fecerunt furiae, tristis Oresta, tuae.
Pirithous would not have felt Theseus so much a friend, if he had not gone alive to the underworld waters; that the Phocean should be an example of true love, was caused, sad Orestes, by your madness.
§1.5.23si non Euryalus Rutulos cecidisset in hostes, §1.5.24Hyrtacidae Nisi gloria nulla foret.
If Euryalus had not fallen among the Rutulian enemies, there would be no glory for Nisus, son of Hyrtacus.
§1.5.25scilicet ut fulvum spectatur in ignibus aurum, §1.5.26tempore sic duro est inspicienda fides, §1.5.27dum iuvat et vultu ridet Fortuna sereno, §1.5.28indelibatas cuncta sequuntur opes: §1.5.29at simul intonuit, fugiunt, nec noscitur ulli, §1.5.30agminibus comitum qui modo cinctus erat.
Just as yellow gold is tested in the fires, so loyalty must be examined in hard times; while Fortune helps and smiles with a serene countenance, all things follow unimpaired wealth; but as soon as it thunders, they flee, nor is he recognized by anyone, who just now was surrounded by columns of companions.
§1.5.31atque haec, exemplis quondam collecta priorum, §1.5.32nunc mihi sunt propriis cognita vera malis, §1.5.33vix duo tresve mihi de tot superestis amici: §1.5.34cetera Fortunae, non mea turba fuit.
And these things, once gathered from the examples of our predecessors, are now known to me as true by my own misfortunes; scarcely two or three of you friends survive for me out of so many, the rest was Fortune's crowd, not mine.
§1.5.35quo magis, o pauci, rebus succurrite laesis, §1.5.36et date naufragio litora tuta meo, §1.5.37neve metu falso nimium trepidate, timentes, §1.5.38hac offendatur ne pietate deus!
Wherefore the more, O you few, succor my injured fortunes, and give safe shores to my shipwreck; and do not tremble too much with false fear, dreading lest the god be offended by this loyalty.
§1.5.39saepe fidem adversis etiam laudavit in armis, §1.5.40inque suis amat hanc Caesar, in hoste probat,
Caesar has often praised loyalty even in hostile arms; he loves it in his own, and approves it in an enemy.
§1.5.41causa mea est melior, qui non contraria fovi §1.5.42arma, sed hanc merui simplicitate fugam.
My cause is better, who did not support opposing weapons, but deserved this exile by my simplicity.
§1.5.43invigiles igitur nostris pro casibus, oro, §1.5.44deminui siqua numinis ira potest.
Watch, therefore, over my fortunes, I pray, if in any way the wrath of the divinity can be lessened.
§1.5.45scire meos casus siquis desiderat omnes, §1.5.46plus, quam quod fieri res sinit, ille petit.
If anyone desires to know all my misfortunes, he asks for more than what the reality allows to be done.
§1.5.47tot mala sum passus, quot in aethere sidera lucent §1.5.48parvaque quot siccus corpora pulvis habet; §1.5.49multaque credibili tulimus maiora ratamque, §1.5.50quamvis acciderint, non habitura fidem.
I have suffered as many evils as the stars shine in the sky and as the dry dust has small particles; and we have borne many things greater than belief, and destined not to have credit, even though they have happened.
§1.5.51pars etiam quaedam mecum moriatur oportet, §1.5.52meque velim possit dissimulante tegi.
A certain part of them ought also to die with me, and I would wish it could be covered while I dissemble.
§1.5.53si vox infragilis, pectus mihi firmius aere, §1.5.54pluraque cum linguis pluribus ora forent, §1.5.55non tamen idcirco complecterer omnia verbis, §1.5.56materia vires exsuperante meas.
If I had an unbroken voice, a breast firmer than bronze, and many mouths with many tongues, I would not, however, embrace everything in words, my strength being surpassed by the material.
§1.5.57pro duce Neritio docti mala nostra poetae §1.5.58scribite. Neritio nam mala plura tuli.
Write of our misfortunes, learned poets, instead of the Neritian leader; for I have borne more evils than the Neritian.
§1.5.59ille brevi spatio multis erravit in annis §1.5.60inter Dulichias Iliacasque domos: §1.5.61nos freta sideribus totis distantia mensos §1.5.62sors tulit in Geticos Sarmaticosque sinus,
He wandered in a small space during many years, between the Dulichian and Trojan homes; fate carried us, who have measured seas separated by whole constellations, to the Getic and Sarmatian bays.
§1.5.63ille habuit fidamque manum sociosque fideles: §1.5.64me profugum comites deseruere mei.
He had a faithful band and loyal companions; my companions deserted me in my flight.
§1.5.65ille suam laetus patriam victorque petebat: §1.5.66a patria fugi victus et exul ego.
He, joyful and victorious, was seeking his homeland; I fled from my homeland, defeated and an exile.
§1.5.67nec mihi Dulichium domus est Ithaceve Samosve, §1.5.68poena quibus non est grandis abesse locis, §1.5.69sed quae de septem totum circumspicit orbem §1.5.70montibus, imperii Roma deumque locus,
Nor is Dulichium, or Ithaca, or Samos my home, places from which to be absent is no great punishment, but Rome, which looks around upon the whole world from its seven hills, the seat of empire and of the gods.
§1.5.71illi corpus erat durum patiensque laborum: §1.5.72invalidae vires ingenuaeque mihi.
He had a body hard and patient of labors; I have weak strength and a delicate constitution.
§1.5.73ille erat assidue saevis agitatus in armis: §1.5.74adsuetus studiis mollibus ipse fui.
He was constantly driven in cruel arms; I myself was accustomed to gentle studies.
§1.5.75me deus oppressit, nullo mala nostra levante: §1.5.76bellatrix illi diva ferebat opem.
A god oppressed me, with no one lightening my misfortunes; to him the warlike goddess brought aid.
§1.5.77cumque minor Iove sit tumidis qui regnat in undis, §1.5.78illum Neptuni, me Iovis ira premit,
And although he who reigns in the swelling waves is inferior to Jove, the wrath of Neptune presses him, the wrath of Jove presses me.
§1.5.79adde, quod illius pars maxima ficta laborum, §1.5.80ponitur in nostris fabula nulla malis.
Add that the greatest part of his labors is feigned; no fable is placed in my misfortunes.
§1.5.81denique quaesitas tetigit tamen ille Penates, §1.5.82quaeque diu petiit, contigit arva tamen: §1.5.83at mihi perpetuo patria tellure carendum est, §1.5.84ni fuerit laesi mollior ira dei.
Finally, he nevertheless reached the sought Penates, and nevertheless touched the fields he had long sought; but I must perpetually lack my native land, unless the wrath of the injured god should be gentler.

Notes

  1. 1.5.1mihi post nullos umquam memorande sodales — The pronoun mihi is a dative of agent modifying the gerundive memorande. The phrase post nullos umquam literally means 'after no one ever,' functioning as a strong expression of supremacy, meaning 'to be remembered by me before all other companions.'
  2. 1.5.2cui praecipue sors mea visa sua est — The relative pronoun cui (dative of possessor or reference) refers back to the friend. The possessive sua functions as a predicate nominative with visa est, meaning 'to whom my lot seemed as his own,' indicating deep empathetic solidarity.
  3. 1.5.7positis pro nomine signis — An ablative absolute construction formed by positis and signis. It means 'signs having been set in place of a name,' explaining that the poet deliberately conceals his friend's actual name using descriptive hints to protect him from association with an exile.
  4. 1.5.11prius hic tenuandus in vacuas auras ibit... quam... — A highly separated correlative construction of prius... quam (line 13) causing a hyperbaton. The structural core is 'hic spiritus tenuandus... ibit... quam subeant...' meaning 'this breath will sooner depart to be thinned into empty air... than forgetfulness should steal into my mind.'
  5. 1.5.21Phoceus amoris — In Greek mythology, the 'Phocean' (Phoceus) refers to Pylades, son of Strophius of Phocis. The genitive amoris depends on exemplum ('an example of true love/friendship'). It illustrates how Orestes' madness (furiae) became the occasion for Pylades' famous loyalty to be proven.
  6. 1.5.51meque velim possit dissimulante tegi — The phrase me dissimulante is an ablative absolute. The subjunctive velim expresses a wish in the present ('I would wish'), governing the subjunctive possit with the passive infinitive tegi, forming a complex structure meaning 'I would wish that [the secret] could be concealed while I keep silence.'
  7. 1.5.77minor Iove — The noun Iove is an ablative of comparison used with the comparative adjective minor ('lesser than' or 'inferior to'). It means 'although he who reigns in the waves (Neptune) is inferior to Jove,' highlighting the contrast between the lower deity who persecuted Odysseus and the supreme deity (Jove, representing Emperor Augustus) who oppresses Ovid.

Cite this passage

Ovid, Sorrows §1.5.1-1.5.84. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi008.humanitext-lat2:1.5.1-1.5.84

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