Humanitext Reader

Ovid · The Heroines §14.67-14.132

The Myth of Io and a Plea to Lynceus for Help

Passage 30 of 54 · Latin

Summary

Hypermestra recounts how she was imprisoned by her father Danaus after helping her husband Lynceus escape, laments her fate by recalling the myth of Io, and begs him either for rescue or for a proper burial.

§14.67Haec ego; dumque queror, lacrimae sua verba sequuntur §14.68Deque meis oculis in tua membra cadunt.
These things I said; and while I lament, tears follow my words, and from my eyes they fall upon your limbs.
§14.69Dum petis amplexus sopitaque bracchia iactas, §14.70Paene manus telo saucia facta tua est.
While you seek embraces and toss your sleep-laden arms, your hand was almost wounded by my weapon.
§14.71Iamque patrem famulosque patris lucemque timebam §14.72Expulerunt somnos haec mea dicta tuos: §14.73'Surge age, Belide, de tot modo fratribus unus!
And now I was fearing my father, his servants, and the light, when these words of mine banished your sleep: 'Arise, come, son of Belus, the only one left of so many brothers just now!
§14.74Nox tibi, ni properas, ista perennis erit!' §14.75Territus exsurgis; fugit omnis inertia somni; §14.76Adspicis in timida fortia tela manu.
This night will be eternal for you, unless you hasten!' Terrified you spring up; all the sluggishness of sleep flees; you look at the powerful weapon in my trembling hand.
§14.77Quaerenti causam 'dum nox sinit, effuge!' dixi. §14.78Dum nox atra sinit, tu fugis, ipsa moror.
To you asking the cause, I said: 'While night permits, flee!' While the dark night permits, you flee; I myself remain.
§14.79Mane erat, et Danaus generos ex caede iacentis
It was morning, and Danaus counts the sons-in-law lying dead from the slaughter.
§14.80Dinumerat.
He counts them up.
summae criminis unus abes.
You alone are missing from the sum of the crime.
§14.81Fert male cognatae iacturam mortis in uno §14.82Et queritur facti sanguinis esse parum.
He bears badly the loss of the kinsman's death in one, and complains that too little blood has been shed.
§14.83Abstrahor a patriis pedibus, raptamque capillis — §14.84Haec meruit pietas praemia! — carcer habet.
I am dragged away from my father's feet, and seized by my hair — such rewards has my devotion deserved! — a prison holds me.
§14.85Scilicet ex illo Iunonia permanet ira, §14.86Cum bos ex homine est, ex bove facta dea.
Doubtless from that time Juno's anger persists, when from a human she became a cow, and from a cow a goddess.
§14.87At satis est poenae teneram mugisse puellam §14.88Nec, modo formosam, posse placere Iovi.
But it is punishment enough for a tender girl to have lowed, and, though recently beautiful, no longer to be able to please Jupiter.
§14.89Adstitit in ripa liquidi nova vacca parentis, §14.90Cornuaque in patriis non sua vidit aquis, §14.91Conatoque queri mugitus edidit ore §14.92Territaque est forma, territa voce sua.
The new cow stood on the bank of her liquid parent, and in her father's waters saw horns that were not her own; and trying to complain, her mouth uttered lowings, and she was terrified by her own form, terrified by her own voice.
§14.93Quid furis, infelix? quid te miraris in umbra?
Why do you rave, unhappy one? Why do you wonder at yourself in the shadow?
§14.94Quid numeras factos ad nova membra pedes?
Why do you count the feet made for your new limbs?
§14.95Illa Iovis magni paelex metuenda sorori §14.96Fronde levas nimiam caespitibusque famem, §14.97Fonte bibis spectasque tuam stupefacta figuram §14.98Et, te ne feriant, quae geris, arma, times, §14.99Quaeque modo, ut posses etiam Iove digna videri, §14.100Dives eras, nuda nuda recumbis humo.
That mistress of great Jupiter, to be feared by his sister, you relieve your excessive hunger with leaves and turf; you drink from the spring and look astounded at your own figure, and you fear lest the weapons you bear should strike you; and you who just now, so that you could seem worthy even of Jupiter, were rich, now lie naked on the naked ground.
§14.101Per mare, per terras cognataque flumina curris; §14.102Dat mare, dant amnes, dat tibi terra viam.
Through sea, through lands, and through related rivers you run; the sea gives, the rivers give, the land gives a way to you.
§14.103Quae tibi causa fugae? quid tu freta longa pererras?
What is the cause of your flight? Why do you wander through long straits?
§14.104Non poteris vultus effugere ipsa tuos.
You will not be able to flee your own features.
§14.105Inachi, quo properas? eadem sequerisque fugisque; §14.106Tu tibi dux comiti, tu comes ipsa duci.
Daughter of Inachus, whither do you hasten? You follow and flee the same person; you are the leader to yourself, the companion; you, the companion to yourself, the leader.
§14.107Per septem Nilus portus emissus in aequor §14.108Exuit insana paelicis ora bove.
The Nile, discharged into the sea through seven mouths, stripped the face of the mistress from the mad cow.
§14.109Ultima quid refero, quorum mihi cana senectus
Why do I relate ancient things, of which hoary old age is the authority to me?
§14.110Auctor? dant anni, quod querar, ecce, mei.
Behold, my own years give me what I may complain of.
§14.111Bella pater patruusque gerunt; regnoque domoque §14.112Pellimur; eiectos ultimus orbis habet.
My father and uncle wage war; and from kingdom and home we are driven; the edge of the world holds us, cast out.
§14.115De fratrum populo pars exiguissima restat.
Of the multitude of brothers, a very small part remains.
§14.116Quique dati leto, quaeque dedere, fleo; §14.117Nam mihi quot fratres, totidem periere sorores.
And those who were given to death, and those who gave them to death, I weep for; for to me, as many brothers, just as many sisters have perished.
§14.118Accipiat lacrimas utraque turba meas!
Let each crowd receive my tears!
§14.119En, ego, quod vivis, poenae crucianda reservor; §14.120Quid fiet sonti, cum rea laudis agar
Behold, I, because you live, am reserved to be tortured by punishment; what will happen to a guilty person, when I am prosecuted as a defendant for a praiseworthy deed?
§14.121Et consanguineae quondam centensima turbae §14.122Infelix uno fratre manente cadam?
And once the hundredth of a kindred crowd, shall I, unhappy, fall while only one brother remains?
§14.123At tu, siqua piae, Lynceu, tibi cura sororis, §14.124Quaeque tibi tribui munera, dignus habes, §14.125Vel fer opem, vel dede neci defunctaque vita §14.126Corpora furtivis insuper adde rogis, §14.127Et sepeli lacrimis perfusa fidelibus ossa, §14.128Sculptaque sint titulo nostra sepulcra brevi: §14.129'Exul Hypermestra, pretium pietatis iniquum, §14.130Quam mortem fratri depulit, ipsa tulit. ' §14.131Scribere plura libet, sed pondere lapsa catenae §14.132Est manus, et vires subtrahit ipse timor.
But you, if you have any care, Lynceus, for your devoted sister, and you worthily hold the gifts which I bestowed on you, either bring help, or surrender me to death, and when life is ended, add my body besides to stealthy funeral pyres, and bury my bones drenched with faithful tears, and let our tomb be engraved with a brief epitaph: 'The exiled Hypermestra, an unjust reward for her devotion, bore herself the death which she warded off from her brother.' I wish to write more, but my hand, slipped by the weight of the chain, has fallen, and fear itself withdraws my strength.

Notes

  1. 14.67sua verba sequuntur — sua matches the neuter plural accusative verba. Literally, "tears follow their own words", meaning that as her speech falters, tears follow her words as if they were a continuation of her speech, or that tears naturally succeed the words of lamentation she has just uttered.
  2. 14.81cognatae mortis — cognatae is a genitive singular feminine modifying mortis ("related death" or "death of a kinsman"). It expresses that Danaus is displeased (fert male) by the "loss" or "deficit" (iacturam) of one single kinsman's death (in uno) from his plan of wiping out all fifty nephews.
  3. 14.106Tu tibi dux comiti, tu comes ipsa duci. — A highly stylized chiasmus depicting Io's absolute solitude as she wanders after being transformed into a heifer. Reconstructed as tu (es) dux tibi comiti, tu comes ipsa (es tibi) duci, it means "you are the leader to yourself as a companion, and you yourself are the companion to yourself as a leader," highlighting her utter isolation.
  4. 14.120cum rea laudis agar — The cum clause expresses concession ("although/while") and takes the present subjunctive agar. The adjective rea ("accused, defendant") typically governs a genitive of the charge; here, the noun laudis ("praise, meritorious deed") is ironically placed in the genitive, meaning "while I am prosecuted as a defendant for a praiseworthy act."

Cite this passage

Ovid, The Heroines §14.67-14.132. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi002.humanitext-lat2:14.67-14.132

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