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Ovid · The Heroines §14.1-14.66

Hypermestra's Imprisonment and the Murderous Wedding Night

Passage 29 of 54 · Latin

Summary

Hypermestra writes to Lynceus from her imprisonment, explaining how she was punished by her father Danaus for sparing her husband's life. She recalls the horrifying wedding night when her sisters slaughtered their grooms, and describes her own internal conflict and refusal to commit the murder.

§14.1Mittit Hypermestra de tot modo fratribus uni — §14.2Cetera nuptarum crimine turba iacet.
Hypermestra sends this to the only one left of so many brothers — The rest of the crowd of brides lies dead by their crime.
§14.3Clausa domo teneor gravibusque coercita vinclis; §14.4Est mihi supplicii causa fuisse piam.
I am kept shut up in the house and bound with heavy chains; The cause of my punishment is to have been dutiful.
§14.5Quod manus extimuit iugulo demittere ferrum, §14.6Sum rea; laudarer, si scelus ausa forem.
Because my hand feared to plunge the iron into your throat, I am accused; I would be praised, if I had dared to commit the crime.
§14.7Esse ream praestat, quam sic placuisse parenti; §14.8Non piget inmunes caedis habere manus.
It is better to be accused than to have pleased a parent in this way; I do not regret holding hands free from slaughter.
§14.9Me pater igne licet, quem non violavimus, urat, §14.10Quaeque aderant sacris, tendat in ora faces; §14.11Aut illo iugulet, quem non bene tradidit ensem, §14.12Ut, qua non cecidit vir nece, nupta cadam — §14.13Non tamen, ut dicant morientia 'paenitet!' ora, §14.14Efficiet.
Though my father burn me with the fire which we did not violate, and direct against my face the torches which were present at the sacred rites; or throat me with that sword which he wrongfully handed over, so that I, the bride, may fall by the death by which my husband did not fall — yet he will not make my dying lips say, "I repent!" He will not effect it.
non est, quam piget esse, pia.
She who regrets being dutiful is not dutiful.
§14.15Paeniteat sceleris Danaum saevasque sorores; §14.16Hic solet eventus facta nefanda sequi.
Let Danaus and my cruel sisters repent of their crime; this consequence is wont to follow wicked deeds.
§14.17Cor pavet admonitu temeratae sanguine noctis, §14.18Et subitus dextrae praepedit ossa tremor.
My heart trembles at the memory of that night polluted with blood, and a sudden trembling impedes the bones of my right hand.
§14.19Quam tu caede putes fungi potuisse mariti, §14.20Scribere de facta non sibi caede timet!
She whom you might think could have accomplished the slaughter of her husband, fears to write of a slaughter not committed by herself!
§14.21Sed tamen experiar.
But yet I will try.
modo facta crepuscula terris; §14.22Ultima pars lucis primaque noctis erat.
Twilight had just been made upon the earth; it was the last part of the light and the first of the night.
§14.23Ducimur Inachides magni sub tecta Pelasgi, §14.24Et socer armatas accipit ipse nurus.
We, daughters of Inachus, are led beneath the roof of great Pelasgus, and the father-in-law himself receives his armed daughters-in-law.
§14.25Undique conlucent praecinctae lampades auro; §14.26Dantur in invitos inpia tura focos; §14.27Vulgus 'Hymen, Hymenaee!' vocant. fugit ille vocantis; §14.28Ipsa Iovis coniunx cessit ab urbe sua!
On all sides shine torches encircled with gold; impious incense is offered upon unwilling altars; The crowd calls 'Hymen, Hymenaeus!' He flees from those who call; the wife of Jupiter herself withdrew from her own city!
§14.29Ecce, mero dubii, comitum clamore frequentes, §14.30Flore novo madidas inpediente comas, §14.31In thalamos laeti — thalamos, sua busta! — feruntur §14.32Strataque corporibus funere digna premunt.
Behold, unsteady with wine, crowded with the shouting of their companions, with fresh flowers binding their wet hair, they are joyfully carried into the bedchambers — bedchambers that are their own tombs! — and press with their bodies the couches worthy of a funeral.
§14.33Iamque cibo vinoque graves somnoque iacebant, §14.34Securumque quies alta per Argos erat — §14.35Circum me gemitus morientum audire videbar; §14.36Et tamen audibam, quodque verebar erat.
And now they lay heavy with food and wine and sleep, and deep, secure quiet was throughout Argos — Around me I seemed to hear the groans of the dying; and yet I did hear them, and what I feared was indeed happening.
§14.37Sanguis abit, mentemque calor corpusque relinquit, §14.38Inque novo iacui frigida facta toro.
My blood recedes, and warmth leaves my mind and body, and I lay cold on my new marriage-bed.
§14.39Ut leni Zephyro graciles vibrantur aristae, §14.40Frigida populeas ut quatit aura comas, §14.41Aut sic, aut etiam tremui magis.
As slender ears of corn are shaken by the gentle Zephyr, as a cold breeze shakes the leaves of the poplar, either so, or even more I trembled.
ipse iacebas, §14.42Quemque tibi dederant vina, soporis eras.
You yourself lay there, and you were of the sleep which wine had given you.
§14.43Excussere metum violenti iussa parentis; §14.44Erigor et capio tela tremente manu.
The commands of my violent father shook off my fear; I raise myself and take the weapon with a trembling hand.
§14.45Non ego falsa loquar: ter acutum sustulit ensem, §14.46Ter male sublato reccidit ense manus.
I will not speak falsehoods: three times my hand raised the sharp sword, three times, with the sword wrongfully raised, my hand fell back.
§14.47Admovi iugulo — sine me tibi vera fateri! — §14.48Admovi iugulo tela paterna tuo; §14.49Sed timor et pietas crudelibus obstitit ausis, §14.50Castaque mandatum dextra refugit opus.
I brought it near your throat — let me confess the truth to you! — I brought my father's weapon near your throat; But fear and devotion opposed my cruel daring, and my chaste right hand shrank from the commanded deed.
§14.51Purpureos laniata sinus, laniata capillos §14.52Exiguo dixi talia verba sono: §14.53'Saevus, Hypermestra, pater est tibi; iussa parentis §14.54Effice; germanis sit comes iste suis!
Tearing my purple garments, tearing my hair, I spoke such words with a tiny voice: 'Cruel, Hypermestra, is your father to you; accomplish the commands of your parent; let this man be a companion to his brothers!
§14.55Femina sum et virgo, natura mitis et annis; §14.56Non faciunt molles ad fera tela manus.
I am a woman and a virgin, gentle by nature and years; soft hands are not suited for savage weapons.
§14.57Quin age, dumque iacet, fortis imitare sorores —
Come, act!
§14.58Credibile est caesos omnibus esse viros!
And while he lies there, imitate your brave sisters — it is believable that husbands have been slain by all!
§14.59Si manus haec aliquam posset committere caedem, §14.60Morte foret dominae sanguinolenta suae.
If this hand could commit any slaughter, it would be bloody with the death of its own mistress.
§14.61Hanc meruere necem patruelia regna tenendo; §14.62Cum sene nos inopi turba vagamur inops.
They deserved this death by holding their uncle's kingdom; we, a destitute crowd, wander with a destitute old man.
§14.63Finge viros meruisse mori — quid fecimus ipsae?
Suppose the husbands deserved to die — what have we ourselves done?
§14.64Quo mihi commisso non licet esse piae?
By what crime committed am I not permitted to be dutiful?
§14.65Quid mihi cum ferro? quo bellica tela puellae?
What have I to do with iron? For what purpose are weapons of war to a girl?
§14.66Aptior est digitis lana colusque meis. '
Wool and the distaff are more suited to my fingers.'

Notes

  1. §14.4fuisse piam — Perfect infinitive expressing the past fact of "having been dutiful/pious" (by not killing her husband). Syntactically, it functions as the explanation or subject in relation to causa supplicii.
  2. §14.9licet ... urat — The impersonal verb licet followed directly by the subjunctive urat forms a concessive clause meaning "although/even if my father should burn me." This is a standard classical idiom for expressing concession.
  3. §14.20facta non sibi caede — sibi is a dative of agent modifying the perfect passive participle facta ("slaughter not committed by herself").
  4. §14.42soporis eras — The genitive soporis with eras (a form of esse) is a genitive of quality or characteristic, meaning "you belonged to/were possessed by the sleep which wine had given you."
  5. §14.64quo mihi commisso — An ablative absolute construction with the interrogative pronoun quo agreeing with the neuter noun/participle commisso ("what crime having been committed by me"). mihi is a dative of agent.

Cite this passage

Ovid, The Heroines §14.1-14.66. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi002.humanitext-lat2:14.1-14.66

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