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Livy · History of Rome §38.9.1-38.9.14

Surrender of Ambracia and the Aetolian Peace

Passage 1396 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Despite delays caused by the detention of the Aetolian envoys, Ambracia surrendered through the mediation of King Amynander and others, and the Aetolians accepted peace terms. The city's art treasures were removed, but the town and its citizens were spared.

§38.9.1adversus quae legati, et quia gravia erant, et quia suorum animos indomitos ac mutabiles noverant, nullo reddito responso domum regressi sunt, ut etiam atque etiam, quid agendum esset, re integra praetorem et principes consulerent. §38.9.2clamore et iurgio excepti, quam diu rem traherent, qualemcumque pacem referre iussi, cum redirent Ambraciam, Acarnanum insidiis prope viam positis, cum quibus bellum erat, circumventi Thyrreum custodiendi deducuntur. §38.9.3haec mora iniecta est paci, cum iam Atheniensium Rhodiorumque legati, qui ad deprecandum pro iis venerant, apud consulem essent. §38.9.4Amynander quoque Athamanum rex fide accepta venerat in castra Romana, magis pro Ambracia urbe, ubi maiorem partem temporis exulaverat, quam pro Aetolis sollicitus. §38.9.5per hos certior factus consul de casu legatorum adduci eos a Thyrreo iussit; quorum post adventum agi coeptum est de pace. §38.9.6Amynander, quod sui maxime operis erat, impigre agebat, ut Ambracienses compelleret ad deditionem. §38.9.7ad id cum per colloquia principum succedens murum parum proficeret, postremo consulis permissu ingressus urbem partim consilio partim precibus evicit, ut permitterent se Romanis. §38.9.8et Aetolos C. Valerius, Laevini filius, qui cum ea gente primum amicitiam pepigerat, consulis frater matre eadem genitus, egregie adiuvit. §38.9.9Ambracienses prius pacti, ut Aetolorum auxiliares sine fraude emitterent, aperuerunt portas.
To these terms the ambassadors, both because they were severe and because they knew the unsubdued and fickle temper of their people, returned no answer and went back home, in order to consult again and again with the praetor and the leading men while the matter was still open.\n Received with clamor and reproaches, and asked how long they would spin out the business, and being ordered to bring back peace on any terms whatsoever, as they were returning to Ambracia they were surrounded near the road by an ambush of the Acarnanians, with whom they were at war, and were conducted to Thyrreum to be kept under guard.\n This delay was thrown in the way of peace, when already the ambassadors of the Athenians and Rhodians, who had come to intercede for them, were with the consul.\n Amynander also, the king of the Athamanes, having received a pledge of safety, had come to the Roman camp, more concerned for the city of Ambracia, where he had spent the greater part of his exile, than for the Aetolians.\n Having been informed of the accident of the ambassadors through these men, the consul ordered them to be brought from Thyrreum; and after their arrival, the negotiation for peace began.\n Amynander, since this was his chief business, worked indefatigably to persuade the Ambraciots to surrender.\n When he made little progress toward this end by conferring with the leaders near the wall, at last, with the permission of the consul, he entered the city and, partly by advice and partly by entreaties, prevailed upon them to surrender themselves to the Romans.\n The Aetolians were also greatly assisted by Gaius Valerius, the son of Laevinus, who had first concluded a friendship with that nation, and who was the consul's brother by the same mother.\n The Ambraciots, having first stipulated that the Aetolian auxiliaries should be allowed to depart without injury, opened their gates.
dein Aetolis condiciones pacis dictae: quingenta Euboica ut darent talenta, ex quibus ducenta praesentia, trecenta per annos sex pensionibus aequis; captivos perfugasque redderent Romanis; §38.9.10urbem ne quam formulae sui iuris facerent, quae post id tempus, quo T. Quinctius traiecisset in Graeciam, aut vi capta ab Romanis esset aut voluntate in amicitiam venisset; Cephallania insula ut extra ius foederis esset. §38.9.11haec quamquam spe ipsorum aliquanto leviora erant, petentibus Aetolis, ut ad concilium referrent, permissum est. §38.9.12parva disceptatio de urbibus tenuit, quae cum sui iuris aliquando fuissent, avelli velut a corpore suo aegre patiebantur; ad unum omnes tamen accipi pacem iusserunt.
Then the conditions of peace were dictated to the Aetolians: that they should pay five hundred Euboic talents, of which two hundred were to be paid down, and three hundred in six equal annual installments; that they should restore to the Romans the prisoners and deserters;\n that they should not include in their jurisdiction any city which, after the time when Titus Quinctius crossed into Greece, had either been taken by force of arms by the Romans or had voluntarily entered into friendship with them; and that the island of Cephallania should be excluded from the treaty.\n Although these terms were somewhat lighter than their own expectation, upon the request of the Aetolians to refer them to their council, permission was granted.\n A brief debate was held concerning the cities, which, having once been independent, they bore with difficulty being torn away, as it were, from their own body; nevertheless, they all to a man ordered the peace to be accepted.\n The Ambraciots presented the consul with a golden crown weighing one hundred and fifty pounds.
§38.9.13Ambracienses coronam auream consuli centum et quinquaginta pondo dederunt. signa aenea marmoreaque et tabulae pictae, quibus ornatior Ambracia, quia regia ibi Pyrrhi fuerat, quam ceterae regionis eius urbes erant, sublata omnia avectaque; §38.9.14nihil praeterea tactum violatumve.
The bronze and marble statues and the paintings, with which Ambracia was more richly adorned than the other cities of that region because the palace of Pyrrhus had been there, were all taken down and carried away;\n nothing else was touched or violated.

Notes

  1. §38.9.2custodiendi — Nominative plural masculine of the future passive participle (gerundive) `custodiendus`, agreeing with the subject of the clause (`circumventi`). It functions predicatively to express purpose or destiny ('to be kept under guard' or 'destined to be guarded').
  2. §38.9.10formulae — Part of the idiomatic expression `aliquid formulae suae (sui iuris) facere`, meaning 'to bring something into one's own jurisdiction/category'. Here, `formulae` is a singular genitive (or dative), modified by `sui iuris` (a possessive genitive meaning 'of their own right').

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §38.9.1-38.9.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:38.9.1-38.9.14

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