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Livy · History of Rome §38.8.1-38.8.10

Aetolian Peace Negotiations and the Consul's Terms

Passage 1395 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Faced with defeats on multiple fronts, the Aetolian League decides to sue for peace and sends envoys to the Roman consul, who in turn demands harsh surrender terms.

§38.8.1cum in hoc statu ad Ambraciam res esset, legati ab Aetolis Phaeneas et Damoteles cum liberis mandatis decreto gentis ad consulem venerunt.
While affairs at Ambracia were in this state, Phaeneas and Damoteles, ambassadors from the Aetolians, came to the consul with full powers by a decree of the nation.
nam praetor eorum, cum alia parte Ambraciam oppugnari cerneret, §38.8.2alia infestam oram navibus hostium esse, alia Amphilochos Dolopiamque a Macedonibus vastari, nec Aetolos ad tria simul diversa bella occursantis sufficere, convocato concilio Aetoliae principes, quid agendum esset, consuluit. §38.8.3omnium eo sententiae decurrererunt, ut pax, si posset, aequis, si minus, tolerandis condicionibus peteretur; Antiochi fiducia bellum susceptum; §38.8.4Antiocho terra marique superato et prope extra orbem terrae ultra iuga Tauri exacto quam spem esse sustinendi belli? §38.8.5Phaeneas et Damoteles quod e re Aetolorum, ut in tali casu, fideque sua esse censerent, agerent; quod enim sibi consilium aut cuius rei electionem a fortuna relictam? §38.8.6cum his mandatis legati missi orare consulem, ut parceret urbi, misereretur gentis quondam sociae, nolle dicere iniuriis, §38.8.7miseriis certe coactae insanire; non plus mali meritos Aetolos Antiochi bello, quam boni ante, cum adversus Philippum bellatum sit, fecisse; nec tum large gratiam relatam sibi, nec nunc immodice poenam iniungi debere.
For their praetor, seeing on one side Ambracia besieged, on another the coast infested by the enemy's ships, and on another Amphilochia and Dolopia ravaged by the Macedonians, and that the Aetolians were not sufficient to meet three different wars at the same time, having summoned a council, consulted the leading men of Aetolia as to what ought to be done. The opinions of all inclined to this, that peace should be sought, if possible, on favorable, if not, on tolerable terms; that the war had been undertaken through reliance on Antiochus; but now that Antiochus had been defeated by land and sea, and driven almost out of the world beyond the ridges of Mount Taurus, what hope was there of sustaining the war? Let Phaeneas and Damoteles do what they should judge to be for the interest of the Aetolians, as in such an emergency, and consistent with their own good faith; for what counsel or what choice of anything had been left to them by fortune? Sent with these instructions, the ambassadors begged the consul to spare the city and to have pity on a nation once an ally, saying that they did not wish to say they had been forced into madness by injuries, but certainly by miseries; that the Aetolians had not deserved more ill in the war of Antiochus than they had done good before, when war was waged against Philip; and that as thanks had not been largely returned to them then, so now punishment ought not to be immodically imposed.
ad ea consul respondit magis saepe quam vere umquam Aetolos pacem petere.
To this the consul replied that the Aetolians sought peace more frequently than ever sincerely.
imitarentur Antiochum in petenda pace, quem in bellum traxissent; §38.8.8non paucis urbibus eum, de quarum libertate certatum sit, sed omni Asia cis Taurum montem, opimo regno, §38.8.9excessisse.
Let them imitate Antiochus in seeking peace, whom they had drawn into the war; he had departed not from a few cities, for whose liberty the contest had been, but from all Asia on this side of Mount Taurus, a rich kingdom, and had withdrawn.
Aetolos nisi inermes de pace agentes non auditurum se; §38.8.10arma illis prius equosque omnis tradendos esse, deinde mille talentum argenti populo Romano dandum, cuius summae dimidium praesens numeretur, si pacem habere vellent.
Unless the Aetolians treated for peace unarmed, he would not listen to them; they must first deliver up their arms and all their horses, and then pay a thousand talents of silver to the Roman people, half of which sum was to be paid down, if they wished to have peace.
ad ea adiecturum etiam in foedus esse, ut eosdem quos populus Romanus amicos atque hostis habeant.
To these terms he would also add in the treaty that they should have the same friends and enemies as the Roman people.

Notes

  1. §38.8.3Antiochi fiducia — fiducia is an ablative of cause ('through reliance on'). Antiochi is an objective genitive, meaning 'reliance on Antiochus.'
  2. §38.8.4quam spem esse — A rhetorical question in indirect discourse. A question that would be 'what hope is there? (quae spes est?)' in direct discourse is expressed by the accusative and infinitive construction (esse) in indirect discourse.
  3. §38.8.5agerent — Imperfect subjunctive representing a command in indirect discourse (corresponding to an imperative 'let them act' in direct discourse). The preceding censerent is in the subjunctive because it is a subordinate clause within indirect discourse.
  4. §38.8.7non plus mali meritos Aetolos... quam boni... fecisse — In this comparative structure, mali (of evil) and boni (of good) are partitive genitives, depending respectively on plus and the implied counterpart. meritos [esse] means 'deserved' or 'incurred.' The clause states that the Aetolians had not deserved more ill (blame) in the war of Antiochus than the good (merit) they had performed in the war against Philip.
  5. §38.8.10adiecturum ... esse — Active future infinitive with the subject accusative (se, referring to the consul) omitted. It means 'that he (the consul) would add.'

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §38.8.1-38.8.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:38.8.1-38.8.10

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