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Julius Caesar · Gallic War §2.17.1-2.17.5

The Nervii Plan to Ambush the Roman Baggage Train

Passage 71 of 404 · Latin

Summary

Caesar sends scouts ahead to choose a camp site, but some Gauls who accompanied him betray the Roman marching order to the Nervii, who then plan to ambush the first Roman legion under its baggage, aided by the natural dense hedges of their territory.

§2.17.1His rebus cognitis, exploratores centurionesque praemittit qui locum castris idoneum deligant.
Having learned these things, he sent forward scouts and centurions to choose a place suitable for a camp.
§2.17.2Cum ex dediticiis Belgis reliquisque Gallis complures Caesarem secuti una iter facerent, quidam ex his, ut postea ex captivis cognitum est, eorum dierum consuetudine itineris nostri exercitus perspecta, nocte ad Nervios pervenerunt atque his demonstrarunt inter singulas legiones impedimentorum magnum numerum intercedere, neque esse quicquam negotii, cum prima legio in castra venisset reliquaeque legiones magnum spatium abessent, hanc sub sarcinis adoriri; §2.17.3qua pulsa impedimentisque direptis, futurum ut reliquae contra consistere non auderent.
Since many of the surrendered Belgae and other Gauls had followed Caesar and were marching with him, certain of these, as was afterwards learned from the prisoners, having observed our army's custom of marching during those days, came by night to the Nervii and demonstrated to them that between the individual legions a great quantity of baggage intervened, and that it would be no trouble at all, when the first legion had reached the camp and the remaining legions were a great distance away, to attack this legion while still under their packs; that if this was routed and its baggage plundered, it would happen that the remaining legions would not dare to stand against them.
§2.17.4Adiuvabat etiam eorum consilium qui rem deferebant quod Nervii antiquitus, cum equitatu nihil possent (neque enim ad hoc tempus ei rei student, sed quicquid possunt, pedestribus valent copiis), quo facilius finitimorum equitatum, si praedandi causa ad eos venissent, impedirent, teneris arboribus incisis atque inflexis crebrisque in latitudinem ramis enatis [et] rubis sentibusque interiectis effecerant ut instar muri hae saepes munimentum praeberent, quo non modo non intrari sed ne perspici quidem posset.
The advice of those who brought the information was also assisted by the fact that the Nervii from ancient times, since they could do nothing with cavalry (for even up to this time they do not attend to this matter, but whatever power they have, they rely on infantry forces), in order to impede more easily the cavalry of their neighbors if they should come to them for the sake of plundering, had cut into young trees and bent them over, and by letting numerous branches grow out sideways and interweaving brambles and thorns, had made it so that these hedges provided a defense like a wall, into which it was not only impossible to enter but even to see through.
§2.17.5His rebus cum iter agminis nostri impediretur, non omittendum sibi consilium Nervii existimaverunt.
Since the march of our column would be impeded by these things, the Nervii thought that they should not neglect the advice.

Notes

  1. §2.17.1qui locum castris idoneum deligant — A relative clause of purpose introduced by the relative pronoun qui with the subjunctive present deligant, depending on the historical present praemittit.
  2. §2.17.2neque esse quicquam negotii — An accusative and infinitive construction in indirect discourse. quicquam is the pronoun used with the negative neque, and negotii is a partitive genitive ('no trouble/business at all'), complementing the infinitive subject adoriri.
  3. §2.17.3futurum ut reliquae contra consistere non auderent — The periphrastic future infinitive futurum [esse] ut followed by the subjunctive, expressing a future result. Since the governing verb demonstrarunt is past (historical perfect), the imperfect subjunctive auderent is used by sequence of tenses.
  4. §2.17.4Adiuvabat etiam eorum consilium ... quod Nervii ... effecerant — The subject of the main clause is the quod-clause (quod ... effecerant), meaning 'the fact that the Nervii had made...'. The verb adiuvabat is in the imperfect tense, indicating ongoing assistance or background state.
  5. §2.17.4instar muri — instar is an indeclinable neuter noun used with the genitive muri, functioning prepositionally or adverbially to mean 'like a wall' or 'in the likeness of a wall'.

Cite this passage

Julius Caesar, Gallic War §2.17.1-2.17.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:2.17.1-2.17.5

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