Humanitext Reader

Euclid · Elements §12.prop.11#2

Ratio of Cones and Cylinders of Equal Height: Completion

Passage 283 of 316 · Greek

Summary

By employing a proof by contradiction, it is shown that assuming the ratio of the cones is not equal to that of their bases (being equal to a ratio with either a smaller or larger solid) leads to a absurdity. Finally, the same property is extended to cylinders of equal height.

§12.prop.11#2ὡς δὲ ὁ ΑΒΓΔ κύκλος πρὸς τὸν ΕΖΗΘ κύκλον, οὕτως ὁ ΑΛ κῶνος πρὸς τὸ Ξ στερεόν, ὡς δὲ τὸ ΔΤΑΥΒΦΓΧ πολύγωνον πρὸς τὸ ΘΟΕΠΖ ΡΗΣ πολύγωνον, οὕτως ἡ πυραμίς, ἧς βάσις μὲν τὸ ΔΤΑΥΒΦΓΧ πολύγωνον, κορυφὴ δὲ τὸ Λ σημεῖον, πρὸς τὴν πυραμίδα, ἧς βάσις μὲν τὸ ΘΟΕΠΖΡΗΣ πολύγωνον, κορυφὴ δὲ τὸ Ν σημεῖον.
as the circle ABCD is to the circle EZHTh, so is the cone AL to the solid X, and as the polygon DTAYBPhGCh is to the polygon ThOEPZRHS, so is the pyramid, of which the base is the polygon DTAYBPhGCh and the vertex the point L, to the pyramid, of which the base is the polygon ThOEPZRHS and the vertex the point N.
καὶ ὡς ἄρα ὁ ΑΛ κῶνος πρὸς τὸ Ξ στερεόν, οὕτως ἡ πυραμίς, ἧς βάσις μὲν τὸ ΔΤΑΥΒΦΓΧ πολύγωνον, κορυφὴ δὲ τὸ Λ σημεῖον, πρὸς τὴν πυραμίδα, ἧς βάσις μὲν τὸ ΘΟΕΠΖΡΗΣ πολύγωνον, κορυφὴ δὲ τὸ Ν σημεῖον· ἐναλλὰξ ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ὁ ΑΛ κῶνος πρὸς τὴν ἐν αὐτῷ πυραμίδα, οὕτως τὸ Ξ στερεὸν πρὸς τὴν ἐν τῷ ΕΝ κώνῳ πυραμίδα.
And therefore as the cone AL is to the solid X, so is the pyramid, of which the base is the polygon DTAYBPhGCh and the vertex the point L, to the pyramid, of which the base is the polygon ThOEPZRHS and the vertex the point N; therefore, alternately, as the cone AL is to the pyramid in it, so is the solid X to the pyramid in the cone EN.
μείζων δὲ ὁ ΑΛ κῶνος τῆς ἐν αὐτῷ πυραμίδος· μεῖζον ἄρα καὶ τὸ Ξ στερεὸν τῆς ἐν τῷ ΕΝ κώνῳ πυραμίδος.
But the cone AL is greater than the pyramid in it; therefore the solid X is also greater than the pyramid in the cone EN.
ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔλασσον· ὅπερ ἄτοπον.
But it is also less; which is absurd.
οὐκ ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ὁ ΑΒΓΔ κύκλος πρὸς τὸν ΕΖΗΘ κύκλον, οὕτως ὁ ΑΛ κῶνος πρὸς ἔλασσόν τι τοῦ ΕΝ κώνου στερεόν.
Therefore, as the circle ABCD is to the circle EZHTh, so is not the cone AL to some solid less than the cone EN.
ὁμοίως δὴ δείξομεν, ὅτι οὐδέ ἐστιν ὡς ὁ ΕΖΗΘ κύκλος πρὸς τὸν ΑΒΓΔ κύκλον, οὕτως ὁ ΕΝ κῶνος πρὸς ἔλασσόν τι τοῦ ΑΛ κώνου στερεόν.
Similarly, indeed, we shall show that, as the circle EZHTh is to the circle ABCD, so is not the cone EN to some solid less than the cone AL.
λέγω δή, ὅτι οὐδέ ἐστιν ὡς ὁ ΑΒΓΔ κύκλος πρὸς τὸν ΕΖΗΘ κύκλον, οὕτως ὁ ΑΛ κῶνος πρὸς μεῖζόν τι τοῦ ΕΝ κώνου στερεόν.
I say indeed, that neither is, as the circle ABCD is to the circle EZHTh, so the cone AL to some solid greater than the cone EN.
εἰ γὰρ δυνατόν, ἔστω πρὸς μεῖζον τὸ Ξ· ἀνάπαλιν ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ὁ ΕΖΗΘ κύκλος πρὸς τὸν ΑΒΓΔ κύκλον, οὕτως τὸ Ξ στερεὸν πρὸς τὸν ΑΛ κῶνον.
For, if possible, let it be to a greater, namely X; therefore, inversely, as the circle EZHTh is to the circle ABCD, so is the solid X to the cone AL.
ἀλλʼ ὡς τὸ Ξ στερεὸν πρὸς τὸν ΑΛ κῶνον, οὕτως ὁ ΕΝ κῶνος πρὸς ἔλασσόν τι τοῦ ΑΛ κώνου στερεόν· καὶ ὡς ἄρα ὁ ΕΖΗΘ κύκλος πρὸς τὸν ΑΒΓΔ κύκλον, οὕτως ὁ ΕΝ κῶνος πρὸς ἔλασσόν τι τοῦ ΑΛ κώνου στερεόν· ὅπερ ἀδύνατον ἐδείχθη.
But as the solid X is to the cone AL, so is the cone EN to some solid less than the cone AL; and therefore as the circle EZHTh is to the circle ABCD, so is the cone EN to some solid less than the cone AL; which was proved impossible.
οὐκ ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ὁ ΑΒΓΔ κύκλος πρὸς τὸν ΕΖΗΘ κύκλον, οὕτως ὁ ΑΛ κῶνος πρὸς μεῖζόν τι τοῦ ΕΝ κώνου στερεόν.
Therefore, as the circle ABCD is to the circle EZHTh, so is not the cone AL to some solid greater than the cone EN.
ἐδείχθη δέ, ὅτι οὐδὲ πρὸς ἔλασσον· ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς ὁ ΑΒΓΔ κύκλος πρὸς τὸν ΕΖΗΘ κύκλον, οὕτως ὁ ΑΛ κῶνος πρὸς τὸν ΕΝ κῶνον.
And it was proved that neither is it to a less; therefore, as the circle ABCD is to the circle EZHTh, so is the cone AL to the cone EN.
ἀλλʼ ὡς ὁ κῶνος πρὸς τὸν κῶνον, ὁ κύλινδρος πρὸς τὸν κύλινδρον· τριπλασίων γὰρ ἑκάτερος ἑκατέρου.
But as the cone is to the cone, so is the cylinder to the cylinder; for each is triple of each.
καὶ ὡς ἄρα ὁ ΑΒΓΔ κύκλος πρὸς τὸν ΕΖΗΘ κύκλον, οὕτως οἱ ἐπʼ αὐτῶν ἰσοϋψεῖς κύλινδροι.
And therefore as the circle ABCD is to the circle EZHTh, so are the cylinders of equal height on them.
οἱ ἄρα ὑπὸ τὸ αὐτὸ ὕψος ὄντες κῶνοι καὶ κύλινδροι πρὸς ἀλλήλους εἰσὶν ὡς αἱ βάσεις· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore, cones and cylinders which are of the same height are to one another as their bases; which it was required to prove.

Notes

  1. ¦55¦ἐναλλὰξ ἄρα ἐστὶν — A transformation of ratio based on alternate ratio (Book 5, Definition 12), which derives A : C = B : D from A : B = C : D. Here, 'cone AL : solid X = inscribed pyramid L : inscribed pyramid N' is transformed into 'cone AL : pyramid L = solid X : pyramid N'.
  2. ¦70¦ἀνάπαλιν ἄρα ἐστὶν — A transformation of ratio based on inverse ratio (Book 5, Definition 13), deriving B : A = D : C from A : B = C : D.
  3. ¦80¦τριπλασίων γὰρ ἑκάτερος ἑκατέρου — Based on Book 12, Proposition 10, which states that a cylinder is triple the cone with the same base and height. Since the ratio of equimultiples is the same as the ratio of the original magnitudes, the ratio of the cylinders is equated with that of the cones.

Cite this passage

Euclid, Elements §12.prop.11#2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg1799.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:12.prop.11%232

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