§12.prop.12#1οἱ ὅμοιοι κῶνοι καὶ κύλινδροι πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐν τριπλασίονι λόγῳ εἰσὶ τῶν ἐν ταῖς βάσεσι διαμέτρων.
Similar cones and cylinders are to one another in the triplicate ratio of the diameters in their bases.
ἔστωσαν ὅμοιοι κῶνοι καὶ κύλινδροι, ὧν βάσεις μὲν οἱ ΑΒΓΔ, ΕΖΗΘ κύκλοι, διάμετροι δὲ τῶν βάσεων αἱ ΒΔ, ΖΘ, ἄξονες δὲ τῶν κώνων καὶ κυλίνδρων οἱ ΚΛ, ΜΝ· λέγω, ὅτι ὁ κῶνος, οὗ βάσις μὲν ὁ ΑΒΓΔ κύκλος, κορυφὴ δὲ τὸ Λ σημεῖον, πρὸς τὸν κῶνον, οὗ βάσις μὲν ὁ ΕΖΗΘ κύκλος, κορυφὴ δὲ τὸ Ν σημεῖον, τριπλασίονα λόγον ἔχει ἤπερ ἡ ΒΔ πρὸς τὴν ΖΘ.
εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἔχει ὁ ΑΒΓΔΛ κῶνος πρὸς τὸν ΕΖΗΘΝ κῶνον τριπλασίονα λόγον ἤπερ ἡ ΒΔ πρὸς τὴν ΖΘ, ἕξει ὁ ΑΒΓΔΛ κῶνος ἢ πρὸς ἔλασσόν τι τοῦ ΕΖΗΘΝ κώνου στερεὸν τριπλασίονα λόγον ἢ πρὸς μεῖζον.
Let there be similar cones and cylinders, of which let the bases be the circles ABCD and EZHTh, and the diameters of the bases BD and ZTh, and the axes of the cones and cylinders KL and MN; I say that the cone, of which the base is the circle ABCD and the vertex the point L, to the cone, of which the base is the circle EZHTh and the vertex the point N, has the triplicate ratio of that which BD has to ZTh. For if the cone ABCDL does not have to the cone EZHThN the triplicate ratio of that which BD has to ZTh, the cone ABCDL will have the triplicate ratio either to some solid less than the cone EZHThN or to a greater.
ἐχέτω πρότερον πρὸς ἔλασσον τὸ Ξ, καὶ ἐγγεγράφθω εἰς τὸν ΕΖΗΘ κύκλον τετράγωνον τὸ ΕΖΗΘ· τὸ ἄρα ΕΖΗΘ τετράγωνον μεῖζόν ἐστιν ἢ τὸ ἥμισυ τοῦ ΕΖΗΘ κύκλου.
Let it have it first to a less, namely X, and let there be inscribed in the circle EZHTh a square EZHTh; therefore the square EZHTh is greater than the half of the circle EZHTh.
καὶ ἀνεστάτω ἐπὶ τοῦ ΕΖΗΘ τετραγώνου πυραμὶς τὴν αὐτὴν κορυφὴν ἔχουσα τῷ κώνῳ· ἡ ἄρα ἀνασταθεῖσα πυραμὶς μείζων ἐστὶν ἢ τὸ ἥμισυ μέρος τοῦ κώνου.
And let there be set up on the square EZHTh a pyramid having the same vertex as the cone; therefore the pyramid so set up is greater than the half part of the cone.
τετμήσθωσαν δὴ αἱ ΕΖ, ΖΗ, ΗΘ, ΘΕ περιφέρειαι δίχα κατὰ τὰ Ο, Π, Ρ, Σ σημεῖα, καὶ ἐπεζεύχθωσαν αἱ ΕΟ, ΟΖ, ΖΠ, ΠΗ, ΗΡ, ΡΘ, ΘΣ, ΣΕ. καὶ ἕκαστον ἄρα τῶν ΕΟΖ, ΖΠΗ, ΗΡΘ, ΘΣΕ τριγώνων μεῖζόν ἐστιν ἢ τὸ ἥμισυ μέρος τοῦ καθʼ ἑαυτὸ τμήματος τοῦ ΕΖΗΘ κύκλου.
Let then the circumferences EZ, ZhH, HTh, ThE be bisected at the points O, P, R, S, and let EO, OZ, ZP, PH, HR, RTh, ThS, SE be joined. And therefore each of the triangles EOZ, ZPH, HRTh, ThSE is greater than the half part of the segment of the circle EZHTh corresponding to it.
καὶ ἀνεστάτω ἐφʼ ἑκάστου τῶν ΕΟΖ, ΖΠΗ, ΗΡΘ, ΘΣΕ τριγώνων πυραμὶς τὴν αὐτὴν κορυφὴν ἔχουσα τῷ κώνῳ· καὶ ἑκάστη ἄρα τῶν ἀνασταθεισῶν πυραμίδων μείζων ἐστὶν ἢ τὸ ἥμισυ μέρος τοῦ καθʼ ἑαυτὴν τμήματος τοῦ κώνου.
And let there be set up on each of the triangles EOZ, ZPH, HRTh, ThSE a pyramid having the same vertex as the cone; and therefore each of the pyramids so set up is greater than the half part of the segment of the cone corresponding to it.
τέμνοντες δὴ τὰς ὑπολειπομένας περιφερείας δίχα καὶ ἐπιζευγνύντες εὐθείας καὶ ἀνιστάντες ἐφʼ ἑκάστου τῶν τριγώνων πυραμίδας τὴν αὐτὴν κορυφὴν ἐχούσας τῷ κώνῳ καὶ τοῦτο ἀεὶ ποιοῦντες καταλείψομέν τινα ἀποτμήματα τοῦ κώνου, ἃ ἔσται ἐλάσσονα τῆς ὑπεροχῆς, ᾗ ὑπερέχει ὁ ΕΖΗΘΝ κῶνος τοῦ Ξ στερεοῦ.
Bisecting then the remaining circumferences and joining straight lines and setting up on each of the triangles pyramids having the same vertex as the cone, and doing this continually, we shall leave some segments of the cone which will be less than the excess by which the cone EZHThN exceeds the solid X.
λελείφθω, καὶ ἔστω τὰ ἐπὶ τῶν ΕΟ, ΟΖ, ΖΠ, ΠΗ, ΗΡ, ΡΘ, ΘΣ, ΣΕ· λοιπὴ ἄρα ἡ πυραμίς, ἧς βάσις μέν ἐστι τὸ ΕΟΖΠΗΡΘΣ πολύγωνον, κορυφὴ δὲ τὸ Ν σημεῖον, μείζων ἐστὶ τοῦ Ξ στερεοῦ.
Let them have been left, and let them be those on EO, OZ, ZP, PH, HR, RTh, ThS, SE; therefore the remaining pyramid, of which the base is the polygon EOZPHRThS and the vertex the point N, is greater than the solid X.
ἐγγεγράφθω καὶ εἰς τὸν ΑΒΓΔ κύκλον τῷ ΕΟΖΠΗΡΘΣ πολυγώνῳ ὅμοιόν τε καὶ ὁμοίως κείμενον πολύγωνον τὸ ΑΤΒΥΓΦΔΧ, καὶ ἀνεστάτω ἐπὶ τοῦ ΑΤΒΥΓΦΔΧ πολυγώνου πυραμὶς τὴν αὐτὴν κορυφὴν ἔχουσα τῷ κώνῳ, καὶ τῶν μὲν περιεχόντων τὴν πυραμίδα, ἧς βάσις μέν ἐστι τὸ ΑΤΒΥ ΓΦΔΧ πολύγωνον, κορυφὴ δὲ τὸ Λ σημεῖον, ἓν τρίγωνον ἔστω τὸ ΛΒΤ, τῶν δὲ περιεχόντων τὴν πυραμίδα, ἧς βάσις μέν ἐστι τὸ ΕΟΖΠΗΡΘΣ πολύγωνον, κορυφὴ δὲ τὸ Ν σημεῖον, ἓν τρίγωνον ἔστω τὸ ΝΖΟ, καὶ ἐπεζεύχθωσαν αἱ ΚΤ, ΜΟ. καὶ ἐπεὶ ὅμοιός ἐστιν ὁ ΑΒΓΔΛ κῶνος τῷ ΕΖΗΘΝ κώνῳ, ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς ἡ ΒΔ πρὸς τὴν ΖΘ, οὕτως ὁ ΚΛ ἄξων πρὸς τὸν ΜΝ ἄξονα.
And let there be inscribed also in the circle ABCD a polygon ATBYGPhDCh similar and similarly situated to the polygon EOZPHRThS, and let there be set up on the polygon ATBYGPhDCh a pyramid having the same vertex as the cone, and of the triangles containing the pyramid, of which the base is the polygon ATBYGPhDCh and the vertex the point L, let one triangle be LBT, and of the triangles containing the pyramid, of which the base is the polygon EOZPHRThS and the vertex the point N, let one triangle be NZO, and let KT, MO be joined. And since the cone ABCDL is similar to the cone EZHThN, therefore, as BD is to ZTh, so is the axis KL to the axis MN.
ὡς δὲ ἡ ΒΔ πρὸς τὴν ΖΘ, οὕτως ἡ ΒΚ πρὸς τὴν ΖΜ·
But as BD is to ZTh, so is BK to ZM; and therefore as BK is to ZM, so is KL to MN.
καὶ ὡς ἄρα ἡ ΒΚ πρὸς τὴν ΖΜ, οὕτως ἡ ΚΛ πρὸς τὴν ΜΝ. καὶ ἐναλλὰξ ὡς ἡ ΒΚ πρὸς τὴν ΚΛ, οὕτως ἡ ΖΜ πρὸς τὴν ΜΝ.
And, alternately, as BK is to KL, so is ZM to MN.