§10.prop3.102τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς μετὰ μέσου μέσον τὸ ὅλον ποιούσης παρὰ ῥητὴν παραβαλλόμενον πλάτος ποιεῖ ἀποτομὴν ἕκτην.
The square on a straight line which with a medial area makes a medial whole applied to a rational straight line produces as breadth a sixth apotome.
ἔστω ἡ μετὰ μέσου μέσον τὸ ὅλον ποιοῦσα ἡ ΑΒ, ῥητὴ δὲ ἡ ΓΔ, καὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΓΔ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΓΕ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΓΖ· λέγω, ὅτι ἡ ΓΖ ἀποτομή ἐστιν ἕκτη.
Let AB be a straight line which with a medial area makes a medial whole, and GD a rational straight line, and let there be applied to GD the rectangle GE equal to the square on AB, producing as breadth GZ; I say that GZ is a sixth apotome.
ἔστω γὰρ τῇ ΑΒ προσαρμόζουσα ἡ ΒΗ· αἱ ἄρα ΑΗ, ΗΒ δυνάμει εἰσὶν ἀσύμμετροι ποιοῦσαι τό τε συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων μέσον καὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ μέσον καὶ ἀσύμμετρον τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ τῷ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ. παραβεβλήσθω οὖν παρὰ τὴν ΓΔ τῷ μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΗ ἴσον τὸ ΓΘ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΓΚ, τῷ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΗ τὸ ΚΛ· ὅλον ἄρα τὸ ΓΛ ἴσον ἐστὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ·
For let BH be the annex to AB; therefore the straight lines AH, HB are incommensurable in square, making the sum of the squares on them medial, and twice the rectangle contained by AH, HB medial, and the sum of the squares on AH, HB incommensurable with twice the rectangle contained by AH, HB. Let there be applied then to GD the rectangle GT equal to the square on AH, producing as breadth GK, and the rectangle KL equal to the square on BH; therefore the whole GL is equal to the sum of the squares on AH, HB; therefore GL is also medial.
μέσον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ΓΛ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΓΔ παράκειται πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΓΜ· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΓΜ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΓΔ μήκει.
And it is applied to the rational straight line GD, producing as breadth GM; therefore GM is rational and incommensurable with GD in length.
ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ ΓΛ ἴσον ἐστὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ, ὧν τὸ ΓΕ ἴσον τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ, λοιπὸν ἄρα τὸ ΖΛ ἴσον ἐστὶ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ. καί ἐστι τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ μέσον· καὶ τὸ ΖΛ ἄρα μέσον ἐστίν.
Since therefore GL is equal to the sum of the squares on AH, HB, of which GE is equal to the square on AB, therefore the remainder ZL is equal to twice the rectangle contained by AH, HB. And twice the rectangle contained by AH, HB is medial; therefore ZL is also medial.
καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΖΕ παράκειται πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΖΜ· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΖΜ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΓΔ μήκει.
And it is applied to the rational straight line ZE, producing as breadth ZM; therefore ZM is rational and incommensurable with GD in length.
καὶ ἐπεὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ ἀσύμμετρά ἐστι τῷ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ, καί ἐστι τοῖς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ ἴσον τὸ ΓΛ, τῷ δὲ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ ἴσον τὸ ΖΛ, ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα τὸ ΓΛ τῷ ΖΛ. ὡς δὲ τὸ ΓΛ πρὸς τὸ ΖΛ, οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ ΓΜ πρὸς τὴν ΜΖ· ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΓΜ τῇ ΜΖ μήκει.
And since the sum of the squares on AH, HB is incommensurable with twice the rectangle contained by AH, HB, and the sum of the squares on AH, HB is equal to GL, while twice the rectangle contained by AH, HB is equal to ZL, therefore GL is incommensurable with ZL. And as GL is to ZL, so is GM to MZ; therefore GM is incommensurable in length with MZ.
καί εἰσιν ἀμφότεραι ῥηταί.
And both are rational.
αἱ ΓΜ, ΜΖ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· ἀποτομὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΓΖ.
λέγω δή, ὅτι καὶ ἕκτη.
Therefore GM, MZ are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore GZ is an apotome. I say then that it is also a sixth apotome.
ἐπεὶ γὰρ τὸ ΖΛ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ, τετμήσθω δίχα ἡ ΖΜ κατὰ τὸ Ν, καὶ ἤχθω διὰ τοῦ Ν τῇ ΓΔ παράλληλος ἡ ΝΞ· ἑκάτερον ἄρα τῶν ΖΞ, ΝΛ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ. καὶ ἐπεὶ αἱ ΑΗ, ΗΒ δυνάμει εἰσὶν ἀσύμμετροι, ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΗ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΗΒ. ἀλλὰ τῷ μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΗ ἴσον ἐστὶ τὸ ΓΘ, τῷ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ΗΒ ἴσον ἐστὶ τὸ ΚΛ· ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΓΘ τῷ ΚΛ. ὡς δὲ τὸ ΓΘ πρὸς τὸ ΚΛ, οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ ΓΚ πρὸς τὴν ΚΜ· ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΓΚ τῇ ΚΜ. καὶ ἐπεὶ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ μέσον ἀνάλογόν ἐστι τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ, καί ἐστι τῷ μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΗ ἴσον τὸ ΓΘ, τῷ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ΗΒ ἴσον τὸ ΚΛ, τῷ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΗ, ΗΒ ἴσον τὸ ΝΛ, καὶ τῶν ἄρα ΓΘ, ΚΛ μέσον ἀνάλογόν ἐστι τὸ ΝΛ· ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς τὸ ΓΘ πρὸς τὸ ΝΛ, οὕτως τὸ ΝΛ πρὸς τὸ ΚΛ. καὶ διὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἡ ΓΜ τῆς ΜΖ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ.
For since ZL is equal to twice the rectangle contained by AH, HB, let ZM be bisected at N, and let there be drawn through N, parallel to GD, the straight line NX; therefore each of ZX, NL is equal to the rectangle contained by AH, HB. And since AH, HB are incommensurable in square, therefore the square on AH is incommensurable with the square on HB. But GT is equal to the square on AH, and KL is equal to the square on HB; therefore GT is incommensurable with KL. And as GT is to KL, so is GK to KM; therefore GK is incommensurable in length with KM. And since the rectangle contained by AH, HB is a mean proportional between the squares on AH, HB, and GT is equal to the square on AH, while KL is equal to the square on HB, and NL is equal to the rectangle contained by AH, HB, therefore NL is also a mean proportional between GT, KL; therefore as GT is to NL, so is NL to KL. And for the same reasons GM is greater in square than MZ by the square on a straight line incommensurable in length with itself.
καὶ οὐδετέρα αὐτῶν σύμμετρός ἐστι τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ τῇ ΓΔ· ἡ ΓΖ ἄρα ἀποτομή ἐστιν ἕκτη· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
And neither of them is commensurable with the set-out rational straight line GD; therefore GZ is a sixth apotome; which was to be proved.