§10.prop3.103ἡ τῇ ἀποτομῇ μήκει σύμμετρος ἀποτομή ἐστι καὶ τῇ τάξει ἡ αὐτή.
A straight line commensurable in length with an apotome is an apotome and the same in order.
ἔστω ἀποτομὴ ἡ ΑΒ, καὶ τῇ ΑΒ μήκει σύμμετρος ἔστω ἡ ΓΔ· λέγω, ὅτι καὶ ἡ ΓΔ ἀποτομή ἐστι καὶ τῇ τάξει ἡ αὐτὴ τῇ ΑΒ.
ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἀποτομή ἐστιν ἡ ΑΒ, ἔστω αὐτῇ προσαρμόζουσα ἡ ΒΕ·
Let AB be an apotome, and let GD be commensurable in length with AB; I say that GD is also an apotome and the same in order with AB.
αἱ ΑΕ, ΕΒ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι.
For since AB is an apotome, let BE be the annex to it; therefore AE, EB are rational straight lines commensurable in square only.
καὶ τῷ τῆς ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΓΔ λόγῳ ὁ αὐτὸς γεγονέτω ὁ τῆς ΒΕ πρὸς τὴν ΔΖ· καὶ ὡς ἓν ἄρα πρὸς ἕν, πάντα πρὸς πάντα· ἔστιν ἄρα καὶ ὡς ὅλη ἡ ΑΕ πρὸς ὅλην τὴν ΓΖ, οὕτως ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΓΔ. σύμμετρος δὲ ἡ ΑΒ τῇ ΓΔ μήκει. σύμμετρος ἄρα καὶ ἡ ΑΕ μὲν τῇ ΓΖ, ἡ δὲ ΒΕ τῇ ΔΖ. καὶ αἱ ΑΕ, ΕΒ ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· καὶ αἱ ΓΖ, ΖΔ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι.
And let the ratio of BE to DZ be made the same as the ratio of AB to GD; and as one is to one, so are all to all; therefore as the whole AE is to the whole GZ, so is AB to GD. But AB is commensurable in length with GD; therefore AE is also commensurable with GZ, and BE with DZ. And AE, EB are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore GZ, ZD are also rational straight lines commensurable in square only.
ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΑΕ πρὸς τὴν ΓΖ, οὕτως ἡ ΒΕ πρὸς τὴν ΔΖ, ἐναλλὰξ ἄρα ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ ΑΕ πρὸς τὴν ΕΒ, οὕτως ἡ ΓΖ πρὸς τὴν ΖΔ. ἤτοι δὴ ἡ ΑΕ τῆς ΕΒ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ ἢ τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου.
Since therefore as AE is to GZ, so is BE to DZ, therefore, alternately, as AE is to EB, so is GZ to ZD. Either then AE is greater in square than EB by the square on a straight line commensurable with itself, or by the square on a straight line incommensurable with itself.
εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡ ΑΕ τῆς ΕΒ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ, καὶ ἡ ΓΖ τῆς ΖΔ μεῖζον δυνήσεται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ.
If then AE is greater in square than EB by the square on a straight line commensurable with itself, GZ will also be greater in square than ZD by the square on a straight line commensurable with itself.
καὶ εἰ μὲν σύμμετρός ἐστιν ἡ ΑΕ τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ μήκει, καὶ ἡ ΓΖ, εἰ δὲ ἡ ΒΕ, καὶ ἡ ΔΖ, εἰ δὲ οὐδετέρα τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ, καὶ οὐδετέρα τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ. εἰ δὲ ἡ ΑΕ μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ, καὶ ἡ ΓΖ τῆς ΖΔ μεῖζον δυνήσεται τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ.
And if AE is commensurable in length with the set-out rational straight line, so is GZ, and if BE is, so is DZ, and if neither of AE, EB is, so is neither of GZ, ZD. But if AE is greater in square than EB by the square on a straight line incommensurable with itself, GZ will also be greater in square than ZD by the square on a straight line incommensurable with itself.
καὶ εἰ μὲν σύμμετρός ἐστιν ἡ ΑΕ τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ μήκει, καὶ ἡ ΓΖ, εἰ δὲ ἡ ΒΕ, καὶ ἡ ΔΖ, εἰ δὲ οὐδετέρα τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ, οὐδετέρα τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ.
ἀποτομὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΓΔ καὶ τῇ τάξει ἡ αὐτὴ τῇ ΑΒ· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
And if AE is commensurable in length with the set-out rational straight line, so is GZ, and if BE is, so is DZ, and if neither of AE, EB is, neither of GZ, ZD. Therefore GD is an apotome and the same in order with AB; which was to be proved.
§10.prop3.104ἡ τῇ μέσης ἀποτομῇ σύμμετρος μέσης ἀποτομή ἐστι καὶ τῇ τάξει ἡ αὐτή.
A straight line commensurable with a medial apotome is a medial apotome and the same in order.
ἔστω μέσης ἀποτομὴ ἡ ΑΒ, καὶ τῇ ΑΒ μήκει σύμμετρος ἔστω ἡ ΓΔ· λέγω, ὅτι καὶ ἡ ΓΔ μέσης ἀποτομή ἐστι καὶ τῇ τάξει ἡ αὐτὴ τῇ ΑΒ.
ἐπεὶ γὰρ μέσης ἀποτομή ἐστιν ἡ ΑΒ, ἔστω αὐτῇ προσαρμόζουσα ἡ ΕΒ. αἱ ΑΕ, ΕΒ ἄρα μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι.
Let AB be a medial apotome, and let GD be commensurable in length with AB; I say that GD is also a medial apotome and the same in order with AB. For since AB is a medial apotome, let EB be the annex to it; therefore AE, EB are medial straight lines commensurable in square only.
καὶ γεγονέτω ὡς ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΓΔ, οὕτως ἡ ΒΕ πρὸς τὴν ΔΖ· σύμμετρος ἄρα καὶ ἡ ΑΕ τῇ ΓΖ, ἡ δὲ ΒΕ τῇ ΔΖ. αἱ δὲ ΑΕ, ΕΒ μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· καὶ αἱ ΓΖ, ΖΔ ἄρα μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· μέσης ἄρα ἀποτομή ἐστιν ἡ ΓΔ.
λέγω δή, ὅτι καὶ τῇ τάξει ἐστὶν ἡ αὐτὴ τῇ ΑΒ.
ἐπεὶ ἐστιν ὡς ἡ ΑΕ πρὸς τὴν ΕΒ, οὕτως ἡ ΓΖ πρὸς τὴν ΖΔ, ἔστιν ἄρα καὶ ὡς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΕ πρὸς τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΖ πρὸς τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ.
And let it be made as AB is to GD, so is BE to DZ; therefore AE is also commensurable with GZ, and BE with DZ. But AE, EB are medial straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore GZ, ZD are also medial straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore GD is a medial apotome. I say then that it is also the same in order with AB. For since as AE is to EB, so is GZ to ZD, therefore also as the square on AE is to the rectangle contained by AE, EB, so is the square on GZ to the rectangle contained by GZ, ZD.
σύμμετρον δὲ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΕ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΓΖ· σύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ. εἴτε οὖν ῥητόν ἐστι τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ, ῥητὸν ἔσται καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ, εἴτε μέσον τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ, μέσον καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ.
μέσης ἄρα ἀποτομή ἐστιν ἡ ΓΔ καὶ τῇ τάξει ἡ αὐτὴ τῇ ΑΒ· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
But the square on AE is commensurable with the square on GZ; therefore the rectangle contained by AE, EB is also commensurable with the rectangle contained by GZ, ZD. Whether then the rectangle contained by AE, EB is rational, the rectangle contained by GZ, ZD will also be rational, or whether the rectangle contained by AE, EB is medial, the rectangle contained by GZ, ZD will also be medial. Therefore GD is a medial apotome and the same in order with AB; which was to be proved.