§10.prop2.84τῇ μετὰ μέσου μέσον τὸ ὅλον ποιούσῃ μία μόνη προσαρμόζει εὐθεῖα δυνάμει ἀσύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης ποιοῦσα τό τε συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων μέσον τό τε δὶς ὑπʼ αὐτῶν μέσον καὶ ἔτι ἀσύμμετρον τῷ συγκειμένῳ ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν.
To a straight line which produces with a medial area a medial whole only one straight line can be annexed which is incommensurable in square with the whole and makes with the whole the sum of the squares on them medial, and twice the rectangle contained by them medial and moreover incommensurable with the sum of the squares on them.
ἔστω ἡ μετὰ μέσου μέσον τὸ ὅλον ποιοῦσα ἡ ΑΒ, προσαρμόζουσα δὲ αὐτῇ ἡ ΒΓ· αἱ ἄρα ΑΓ, ΓΒ δυνάμει εἰσὶν ἀσύμμετροι ποιοῦσαι τὰ προειρημένα.
Let AB be the straight line which produces with a medial area a medial whole, and let BC be annexed to it; therefore AC, CB are incommensurable in square making the aforesaid things.
λέγω, ὅτι τῇ ΑΒ ἑτέρα οὐ προσαρμόσει ποιοῦσα τὰ προειρημένα.
I say that to AB another straight line cannot be annexed which makes the aforesaid things.
εἰ γὰρ δυνατόν, προσαρμοζέτω ἡ ΒΔ, ὥστε καὶ τὰς ΑΔ, ΔΒ δυνάμει ἀσυμμέτρους εἶναι ποιούσας τά τε ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τετράγωνα ἅμα μέσον καὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ μέσον καὶ ἔτι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ ἀσύμμετρα τῷ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ· καὶ ἐκκείσθω ῥητὴ ἡ ΕΖ, καὶ τοῖς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΕΖ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΕΗ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΕΜ, τῷ δὲ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΕΖ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΘΗ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΘΜ· λοιπὸν ἄρα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ΕΛ·
For, if possible, let BD be annexed, so that AD, DB are also incommensurable in square, making the squares on AD, DB together medial, twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB medial, and moreover the squares on AD, DB incommensurable with twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB; and let a rational straight line EZ be set out, and let there be applied to EZ the area EH equal to the squares on AC, CB, producing EM as breadth, and let there be applied to EZ the area TH equal to twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB, producing TM as breadth; therefore the remainder is equal to the square on AB, which is equal to EL; therefore AB is square on EL.
ἡ ἄρα ΑΒ δύναται τὸ ΕΛ. πάλιν τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΕΖ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΕΙ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΕΝ. ἔστι δὲ καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ ἴσον τῷ ΕΛ· λοιπὸν ἄρα τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ ἴσον τῷ ΘΙ. καὶ ἐπεὶ μέσον ἐστὶ τὸ συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ καί ἐστιν ἴσον τῷ ΕΗ, μέσον ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ ΕΗ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΕΖ παράκειται πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΕΜ· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΜ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΕΖ μήκει.
Again, let there be applied to EZ the area EI equal to the squares on AD, DB, producing EN as breadth. But the square on AB is also equal to EL; therefore the remainder, twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB, is equal to TI. And since the sum of the squares on AC, CB is medial and is equal to EH, EH is also medial. And it is applied to the rational straight line EZ, producing EM as breadth; therefore EM is rational and incommensurable in length with EZ.
πάλιν, ἐπεὶ μέσον ἐστὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ καί ἐστιν ἴσον τῷ ΘΗ, μέσον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ΘΗ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΕΖ παράκειται πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΘΜ· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΘΜ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΕΖ μήκει.
Again, since twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB is medial and is equal to TH, TH is also medial. And it is applied to the rational straight line EZ, producing TM as breadth; therefore TM is rational and incommensurable in length with EZ.
καὶ ἐπεὶ ἀσύμμετρά ἐστι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ τῷ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ, ἀσύμμετρόν ἐστι καὶ τὸ ΕΗ τῷ ΘΗ· ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ ΕΜ τῇ ΜΘ μήκει.
And since the squares on AC, CB are incommensurable with twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB, EH is also incommensurable with TH; therefore EM is also incommensurable in length with MT.
καί εἰσιν ἀμφότεραι ῥηταί· αἱ ἄρα ΕΜ, ΜΘ ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· ἀποτομὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΘ, προσαρμόζουσα δὲ αὐτῇ ἡ ΘΜ. ὁμοίως δὴ δείξομεν, ὅτι ἡ ΕΘ πάλιν ἀποτομή ἐστιν, προσαρμόζουσα δὲ αὐτῇ ἡ ΘΝ. τῇ ἄρα ἀποτομῇ ἄλλη καὶ ἄλλη προσαρμόζει ῥητὴ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ· ὅπερ ἐδείχθη ἀδύνατον.
And both are rational; therefore EM, MT are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore ET is an apotome, and TM is annexed to it. Similarly indeed we can prove that ET is again an apotome, and TN is annexed to it. Therefore to the same apotome different straight lines are annexed which are rational and commensurable in square only with the whole; which was proved impossible.
οὐκ ἄρα τῇ ΑΒ ἑτέρα προσαρμόσει εὐθεῖα.
Therefore to AB another straight line cannot be annexed.
τῇ ἄρα ΑΒ μία μόνον προσαρμόζει εὐθεῖα δυνάμει ἀσύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης ποιοῦσα τά τε ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετράγωνα ἅμα μέσον καὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπʼ αὐτῶν μέσον καὶ ἔτι τὰ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετράγωνα ἀσύμμετρα τῷ δὶς ὑπʼ αὐτῶν· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore to AB only one straight line can be annexed which is incommensurable in square with the whole and makes with the whole the squares on them together medial, twice the rectangle contained by them medial, and moreover the squares on them incommensurable with twice the rectangle contained by them; which was to be proved.