§10.prop1.24τὸ ὑπὸ μέσων μήκει συμμέτρων εὐθειῶν κατά τινα τῶν εἰρημένων τρόπων περιεχόμενον ὀρθογώνιον μέσον ἐστίν.
The rectangle contained by medial straight lines commensurable in length in any of the aforesaid ways is medial.
ὑπὸ γὰρ μέσων μήκει συμμέτρων εὐθειῶν τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ περιεχέσθω ὀρθογώνιον τὸ ΑΓ· λέγω, ὅτι τὸ ΑΓ μέσον ἐστίν.
For let the rectangle AC be contained by medial straight lines AB, BC commensurable in length; I say that AC is medial.
Ἀναγεγράφθω γὰρ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ τετράγωνον τὸ ΑΔ·
For let the square AD be described on AB; therefore AD is medial.
μέσον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΑΔ. καὶ ἐπεὶ σύμμετρός ἐστιν ἡ ΑΒ τῇ ΒΓ μήκει, ἴση δὲ ἡ ΑΒ τῇ ΒΔ, σύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ ΔΒ τῇ ΒΓ μήκει· ὥστε καὶ τὸ ΔΑ τῷ ΑΓ σύμμετρόν ἐστιν.
And since AB is commensurable in length with BC, and AB is equal to BD, therefore DB is also commensurable in length with BC; so that DA is also commensurable with AC.
μέσον δὲ τὸ ΔΑ· μέσον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ΑΓ· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
And DA is medial; therefore AC is also medial; which was to be proved.
§10.prop1.25τὸ ὑπὸ μέσων δυνάμει μόνον συμμέτρων εὐθειῶν περιεχόμενον ὀρθογώνιον ἤτοι ῥητὸν ἢ μέσον ἐστίν.
The rectangle contained by medial straight lines commensurable in square only is either rational or medial.
ὑπὸ γὰρ μέσων δυνάμει μόνον συμμέτρων εὐθειῶν τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ ὀρθογώνιον περιεχέσθω τὸ ΑΓ· λέγω, ὅτι τὸ ΑΓ ἤτοι ῥητὸν ἢ μέσον ἐστίν.
For let the rectangle AC be contained by medial straight lines AB, BC commensurable in square only; I say that AC is either rational or medial.
Ἀναγεγράφθω γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΒ, ΒΓ τετράγωνα τὰ ΑΔ, ΒΕ·
For let the squares AD, BE be described on AB, BC; therefore each of the areas AD, BE is medial.
μέσον ἄρα ἐστὶν ἑκάτερον τῶν ΑΔ, ΒΕ. καὶ ἐκκείσθω ῥητὴ ἡ ΖΗ, καὶ τῷ μὲν ΑΔ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΖΗ παραβεβλήσθω ὀρθογώνιον παραλληλόγραμμον τὸ ΗΘ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΖΘ, τῷ δὲ ΑΓ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΘΜ παραβεβλήσθω ὀρθογώνιον παραλληλόγραμμον τὸ ΜΚ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΘΚ, καὶ ἔτι τῷ ΒΕ ἴσον ὁμοίως παρὰ τὴν ΚΝ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΝΛ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΚΛ·
And let a rational straight line ZH be set out, and let there be applied to ZH the rectangular parallelogram HΘ equal to AD, producing ZΘ as breadth, and let there be applied to ΘM the rectangular parallelogram MK equal to AC, producing ΘK as breadth, and further let there be applied to KN the rectangular parallelogram NL equal to BE, producing KΛ as breadth; therefore ZΘ, ΘK, KΛ are in a straight line.
ἐπʼ εὐθείας ἄρα εἰσὶν αἱ ΖΘ, ΘΚ, ΚΛ. ἐπεὶ οὖν μέσον ἐστὶν ἑκάτερον τῶν ΑΔ, ΒΕ, καί ἐστιν ἴσον τὸ μὲν ΑΔ τῷ ΗΘ, τὸ δὲ ΒΕ τῷ ΝΛ, μέσον ἄρα καὶ ἑκάτερον τῶν ΗΘ, ΝΛ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΖΗ παράκειται·
Since then each of the areas AD, BE is medial, and AD is equal to HΘ, and BE to NL, therefore each of the areas HΘ, NL is also medial.
ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἑκατέρα τῶν ΖΘ, ΚΛ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΖΗ μήκει.
And they are applied to the rational straight line ZH; therefore each of ZΘ, KΛ is rational and incommensurable in length with ZH.
καὶ ἐπεὶ σύμμετρόν ἐστι τὸ ΑΔ τῷ ΒΕ, σύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ ΗΘ τῷ ΝΛ. καί ἐστιν ὡς τὸ ΗΘ πρὸς τὸ ΝΛ, οὕτως ἡ ΖΘ πρὸς τὴν ΚΛ·
And since AD is commensurable with BE, therefore HΘ is also commensurable with NL.
σύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΖΘ τῇ ΚΛ μήκει.
And as HΘ is to NL, so is ZΘ to KΛ; therefore ZΘ is commensurable in length with KΛ.
αἱ ΖΘ, ΚΛ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι μήκει σύμμετροι·
Therefore ZΘ, KΛ are rational straight lines commensurable in length; therefore the rectangle contained by ZΘ, KΛ is rational.
ῥητὸν ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΖΘ, ΚΛ. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἴση ἐστὶν ἡ μὲν ΔΒ τῇ ΒΑ, ἡ δὲ ΞΒ τῇ ΒΓ, ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς ἡ ΔΒ πρὸς τὴν ΒΓ, οὕτως ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΒΞ. ἀλλʼ ὡς μὲν ἡ ΔΒ πρὸς τὴν ΒΓ, οὕτως τὸ ΔΑ πρὸς τὸ ΑΓ·
And since DB is equal to BA, and XB is equal to BC, therefore as DB is to BC, so is AB to BX.
ὡς δὲ ἡ ΑΒ πρὸς τὴν ΒΞ, οὕτως τὸ ΑΓ πρὸς τὸ ΓΞ·
But as DB is to BC, so is DA to AC; and as AB is to BX, so is AC to CX; therefore as DA is to AC, so is AC to CX.
ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς τὸ ΔΑ πρὸς τὸ ΑΓ, οὕτως τὸ ΑΓ πρὸς τὸ ΓΞ. ἴσον δέ ἐστι τὸ μὲν ΑΔ τῷ ΗΘ, τὸ δὲ ΑΓ τῷ ΜΚ, τὸ δὲ ΓΞ τῷ ΝΛ· ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς τὸ ΗΘ πρὸς τὸ ΜΚ, οὕτως τὸ ΜΚ πρὸς τὸ ΝΛ· ἔστιν ἄρα καὶ ὡς ἡ ΖΘ πρὸς τὴν ΘΚ, οὕτως ἡ ΘΚ πρὸς τὴν ΚΛ· τὸ ἄρα ὑπὸ τῶν ΖΘ, ΚΛ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΘΚ. ῥητὸν δὲ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΖΘ, ΚΛ·
But AD is equal to HΘ, AC to MK, and CX to NL; therefore as HΘ is to MK, so is MK to NL; therefore also as ZΘ is to ΘK, so is ΘK to KΛ; therefore the rectangle contained by ZΘ, KΛ is equal to the square on ΘK.
ῥητὸν ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΘΚ· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΘΚ. καὶ εἰ μὲν σύμμετρός ἐστι τῇ ΖΗ μήκει, ῥητόν ἐστι τὸ ΘΝ·
But the rectangle contained by ZΘ, KΛ is rational; therefore the square on ΘK is also rational; therefore ΘK is rational.
εἰ δὲ ἀσύμμετρός ἐστι τῇ ΖΗ μήκει, αἱ ΚΘ, ΘΜ ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· μέσον ἄρα τὸ ΘΝ. τὸ ΘΝ ἄρα ἤτοι ῥητὸν ἢ μέσον ἐστίν.
And if it is commensurable in length with ZH, ΘN is rational; but if it is incommensurable in length with ZH, KΘ, ΘM are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore ΘN is medial. Therefore ΘN is either rational or medial.
ἴσον δὲ τὸ ΘΝ τῷ ΑΓ· τὸ ΑΓ ἄρα ἤτοι ῥητὸν ἢ μέσον ἐστίν.
And ΘN is equal to AC; therefore AC is either rational or medial.
τὸ ἄρα ὑπὸ μέσων δυνάμει μόνον συμμέτρων, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς.
Therefore the rectangle contained by medials commensurable in square only, and so on.