§2020.
20.
Ἱπποκράτης Δημοκρίτῳ εὖ πράττειν.
Hippocrates to Democritus, greeting.
Ἰητρικῆς τέχνης, ὦ Δημόκριτε, κατορθώματα μὲν οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων οὐ παντάπασιν ἐπαινέουσι, θεοῖσι δὲ πολλάκις προσαρτῶσιν· ἢν δέ τι ἡ φύσις ἀντιπρήξασα ἀπολέσῃ τὸν θεραπευόμενον, ἰητροὺς καταμέμφονται παρέντες τὸ θεῖον.
Democritus, most men do not altogether praise the successes of the medical art, but often attribute them to the gods; but if nature, acting in opposition, destroys the patient, they blame the doctors, passing over the divine.
Καὶ ἔγωγε δοκέω πλείονα μεμψιμοιρίην ἢ τιμὴν κεκληρῶσθαι τὴν τέχνην.
And I indeed think that the art has been allotted more complaint than honor.
Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ἰητρικῆς ἐς τέλος οὐκ ἀφϊγμαι, καί περ ἤδη γηραλέος καθεστώς· οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ τῆσδε εὑρέτης Ἀσκληπιὸς, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν πολλοῖς διεφώνησε, καθάπερ ἡμῖν αἱ τῶν ξυγγραφέων βίβλοι παραδεδώκασιν.
For I indeed have not arrived at the end of medicine, although having already become aged; for not even the discoverer of it, Asclepius, did so, but even he himself failed in many things, just as the books of the writers have handed down to us.
Ἡ μὲν οὖν ὑπὸ σέο ἐπισταλεῖσα ἡμϊν ἐπιστολὴ κατεμέμφετο περὶ τῆς φαρμακείης τοῦ ἐλλεβόρου.
Now the letter sent to us by you complained concerning the treatment of hellebore.
Εἰσήχθην μὲν οὖν, ὦ Δημόκριτε, ὡς μεμηνότα ἐλλεβοριῶν, οὐ καταμαντευσάμενος ὅστις ποτ’ εἴης· ὡς δ’ ἐντυχὼν ἔγνων, οὐ μὰ Δία παραφρονήσιος ἔργον, ἀλλὰ σχεδὸν ἀποδοχῆς πάσης, κάρτα σὴν φύσιν ἐπῄνεσα, ἄριστόν τε φύσιος ἑρμηνευτὴν καὶ κόσμου ἔκρινα· τοὺς δὲ εἰσαγαγόντας με ἐμεμψάμην ὡς μεμηνότας, φαρμακείης γὰρ αὐτοὶ ἔχρῃζον.
Indeed, I was brought in, Democritus, to administer hellebore to you as one who was mad, not having divined who on earth you were; but when I met you and understood, by Zeus, that your work was not of madness but rather of almost all approval, I greatly praised your nature, and judged you to be the best interpreter of nature and the universe; and I blamed those who brought me in as being mad, for they themselves were in need of medicine.
Ἔπειδὴ τοίνυν τὸ αὐτόματον ἡμέας εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ ξυνήγαγεν, ὀρθῶς ποιήσεις ἐπιστέλλων ἠμῖν πυκνότερον καὶ μεταδιδοὺς τῶν ὑπὸ σέο γραφομένων ξυνταγμάτων· ἀπέσταλκα δέ σοι καὶ αὐτὸς τὸν περὶ τοῦ ἐλλεβορισμοῦ λόγον.
Since therefore chance brought us together to the same place, you will do well by writing to us more frequently and sharing the treatises written by you; and I myself also have sent you the discourse on helleborism.
Ἔῤῥωσο.
Farewell.
§2121.
21.
Ἱπποκράτης Δημοκρίτῳ περὶ ἐλλεβορισμοῦ.
Hippocrates to Democritus, on helleborism.
Τοῖς μὴ ῥηϊδίως ἄνω καθαιρομένοις πρὸ τῆς πόσιος προϋγραίνειν τὰ σώματα πλέονι τροφῇ καὶ ἀναπαύσει.
For those who are not easily cleansed upward, before the drinking one must pre-moisten their bodies with more food and rest.
Ἐπὴν δὲ πίῃ ἐλλέβορον, πρὸς τὰς κινήσιας τῶν σωμάτων μᾶλλον ἄγειν, μὴ πρὸς ὕπνους· δηλοῖ δὲ ἡ ναυτιλίη ὅτι κίνησις τὰ σώματα ταράσσει.
And when one has drunk hellebore, one should lead them rather to movements of the bodies, not to sleep; for seasickness shows that movement disturbs the bodies.
Ἐπὴν βούλῃ μᾶλλον ἄγειν ἐλλέβορον, κίνει τὰ σώματα.
When you wish to drive the hellebore more, move the bodies.
Ἐλλέβορος ἐπικίνδυνος τοῖσι σάρκας ὑγιέας ἔχουσι.
Hellebore is dangerous to those having healthy flesh.
Ὅσοι ἐν ταῖς φαρμακοποσίαις μὴ διψῶσι, καθαιρόμενοι οὐ παύονται πρὶν ἢ διψήσωσι.
Those who do not thirst during the drinking of medicine, being cleansed, do not cease before they thirst.
Σπασμὸς ἐξ ἐλλεβόρου θανάσιμον.
Spasm from hellebore is fatal.
Ἐπὶ ὑπερκαθάρσει σπασμὸς ἢ λυγμὸς ἐπιγενόμενος κακόν.
Upon excessive cleansing, a spasm or hiccup supervening is bad.
Ἐν ταῖς ταραχαῖς τῆς κοιλίης καὶ τοῖσιν ἐμέτοις τοῖς αὐτομάτως γινομένοισιν, ἢν μὲν οἷα δεῖ καθαίρεσθαι καθαίρωνται, ξυμφέρει τε καὶ εὐφόρως φέρουσιν· εἰ δὲ μὴ, τοὐναντίον.
In disturbances of the belly and in vomitings occurring spontaneously, if indeed they are cleansed in such a way as they ought to be cleansed, it is beneficial and they bear it easily; but if not, the contrary.
Ὡς δὲ ἔφην ἐν τῷ προγνωστικῷ, κάθαρσις εὐθετεῖ ἡ ἄνω, ἐφ’ ᾧ ἀπυρέτῳ ἀσιτίη ἢ καρδιωγμὸς ἢ σκοτόδινος ἢ στόμα ἐπιπικρούμενον, καθόλου ταῖς ὑπὲρ τῶν φρενῶν ὀδύναις· ἡ δὲ κάτω, ὅπου χωρὶς πυρετοῦ στρόφος, ὀσφύος ὀδύνη, γουνάτων βάρος, καταμήνια δυσεργοῦντα, ὀδύναι ἐν τοῖς ὑπὸ τὸ διάφραγμα.
And as I said in the Prognostic, upward cleansing is suitable for someone who, without fever, has fasting, or heartburn, or dizziness, or a bitter taste in the mouth, generally for pains above the diaphragm; and downward, where without fever there is colic, pain of the loins, heaviness of the knees, difficult menstruation, pains in the parts below the diaphragm.
Φυλάσσεσθαι δὲ ἐν ταῖς φαρμακοποσίαις τοὺς ἀστείους τὰ σώματα, μάλιστα δὲ τοὺς μέλανας καὶ ὑγροσάρκους, καὶ τοὺς ὑποξήρους δὲ καὶ ψελλοὺς καὶ τραυλούς.
And one must be on guard during the drinkings of medicine against those of delicate bodies, and especially the dark and moist-fleshed, and those rather dry, and stuttering and lisping.
Ὁκόσοι δὲ τὰ φλεγμαίνοντα ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆς νούσου, ὡς ἔφην ἐν τῷ περὶ πτισάνης, εὐθέως ἐπιχειροῦσι λύειν φαρμακείῃ, τοῦ μὲν ξυντεταμένου καὶ φλεγμαίνοντος οὐδὲν ὠφελέουσιν, οὐδὲ γὰρ διαδίδωσιν ὠμὸν ἐὸν τὸ πάθος, τὰ δὲ ἀντέχοντα τῷ νοσήματι καὶ ὑγιεινὰ ξυντήκουσιν· ἀσθενέος δὲ τοῦ σώματος γινομένου, τὸ νόσημα ἐπικρατεῖ, καὶ ἀνιήτως ἔχουσιν.
But as many as immediately attempt to resolve inflamed parts by medicine at the beginning of the disease, as I said in the work on Barley-water, they benefit nothing of what is tense and inflamed, for the disease being raw does not distribute, but they melt down the parts resisting the sickness and being healthy; and the body becoming weak, the disease prevails, and they are in an incurable state.
Ἐλλεβορίζειν δὲ χρὴ οἷς ἀπὸ κεφαλῆς φέρεται ῥεῦμα· μὴ διδόναι δὲ ἐπὶ ἐμπύων, μήτε φαρμακεύειν τοὺς ἀχρόους, τοὺς βραγχώδεας, τοὺς σπληνώδεας, τοὺς ἀφαίμους, τοὺς πνευματώδεας καὶ ξηρὰ βήσσοντας, διψώδεας, φυσώδεας, ἐντεταμένους ὑποχόνδρια καὶ πλευρὰς καὶ μετάφρενα, τοὺς ἀπονεναρκωμένους καὶ ἀμαυρὰ βλέποντας καὶ οἷς ἦχοι τῶν ὤτων, καὶ τῆς οὐρήθρης ἀκρατεῖς, μηδὲ τοὺς ἰκτερώδεας ἢ κοιλίης ἀσθενέας, ἢ αἱμοῤῥώδεας, ἢ ἐν φύμασιν· ἢν δὲ φαρμακεῦσαι δοκέῃ, ἐλλεβόρῳ ἀσφαλῶς ἄνω κάθαιρε, κάτω δὲ μή· κράτιστον δὲ τούτοις διαιτᾷν.
And one must administer hellebore to those in whom a flux is carried down from the head; but not to give it to those with empyema, nor administer medicine to the pale, the hoarse, those with diseased spleen, the bloodless, those with breathing difficulties and dry coughing, the thirsty, the flatulent, those tense in the hypochondria and sides and upper back, the numb, and those seeing dimly and in whose ears there are noises, and those incontinent of the urethra, nor the jaundiced, or those weak in the belly, or those with hemorrhoids, or those with tumors; if it seems good to administer medicine, cleanse safely upward with hellebore, but not downward; but it is best to regulate the diet for these.
Ὡς δὲ ἔφην ἐν τῷ προῤῥητικῷ, μὴ φαρμακεύειν μηδὲ τοὺς ἐπανεμοῦντας μέλανα, ἀποσίτους καὶ παραφόρους, καθ’ ἥβην μικρὰ ὀδυνώδεας, ὄμμα θρασὺ κεκλιμένον ἔχοντας, ἐποιδοῦντας, σκοτώδεας, ἀχρόους, μηδὲ τοὺς ἐν πυρετῷ καυματώδεας κατακεκλασμένους.
And as I said in the Prorrhetic, do not administer medicine either to those vomiting black bile, being without appetite and delirious, suffering slight pain around the pubic region, having a bold but downcast eye, swelling up, dizzy, pale, nor to those broken down in a burning fever.
Ὡς δὲ ἔφην ἐν τῷ περὶ πτισάνης, σησαμοειδὲς ἄνω καθαίρει· ἡ πόσις ἥμισυ δραχμῆς ἐν ὀξυμέλιτι τετριμμένον· ξυμμίσγεται δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἐλλεβόροις τὸ τρίτον μέρος τῆς πόσιος, καὶ ἧσσον πνίγει.
And as I said in the work on Barley-water, sesamoid cleanses upward; the dose is half a drachma ground in oxymel; and a third part of the dose is also mixed with the hellebores, and it suffocates less.
Καθαίρειν δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἐν χρονίοις τεταρταίοις καὶ τοὺς ἐν λιπυριώδει πυρετῷ χρονίους, καὶ ὧν οὐκ ἔστι δίψος μηδὲ ἀπόκρισις, τούτους δὲ μὴ πρότερον τῶν τριῶν ἑβδομάδων, ποτὲ δὲ καὶ πλευριτικοὺς καὶ εἰλεώδεις· ὡς δὲ ἔφην ἐν τῷ περὶ γυναικείων, καὶ ἢν αἱ μῆτραι καθάρσεως δέωνται.
And one must cleanse those in chronic quartan fevers, and those chronic in a lipyrian fever, and those of whom there is neither thirst nor secretion; and these not before three weeks; and sometimes also pleuritic and ileus patients; and as I said in the work on Women's Diseases, also if the womb stands in need of cleansing.