§1616.
16.
Ἱπποκράτης Κρατεύᾳ χαίρειν.
Hippocrates to Crateuas, greeting.
Ἐπίσταμαί σε ῥιζοτόμον ἄριστον, ὦ ἑταῖρε, καὶ διὰ τεὴν ἄσκησιν καὶ διὰ προγόνων κλέος, ὡς μηδὲν ἀποδεῖν σε δυνάμει τοῦ προπάτορος Κρατεύα.
I know well, my friend, that you are an excellent root-cutter, both because of your own training and because of the fame of your ancestors, so that you do not fall short in any way in capability from your forefather Crateuas.
Νῦν οὖν, εἰ καί ποτε ἄλλοτε, βοτανολόγησον ὁκόσα τε καὶ ὁκοῖα δύνασαι, ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει, καὶ διάπεμψαί μοι ταῦτα, ἐπ’ ἄνδρα ὅλῃ πόλει ἰσοστάσιον, Ἀβδηρίτην μὲν, ἀλλὰ Δημόκριτον· νοσέειν γάρ φασιν αὐτὸν καὶ καθάρσιος μάλα χρῄζειν ἐντὸς μανίης ἐόντα.
Now therefore, if ever at any other time, gather as many and of such kinds of herbs as you can, for urgent necessity presses, and send them to me, to be used for a man who is equal to a whole city, an Abderite indeed, but Democritus; for they say he is sick and is in great need of purification, being in the grip of madness.
Μὴ χρησαίμεθα μέντοι τοῖσι φαρμάκοισιν, ὥσπερ καὶ πέπεισμαι· ἀλλ’ ὅμως εὐτρεπίσασθαι χρὴ πανταχόθεν.
Indeed, we might not have to use the medicines, just as I myself am convinced; nevertheless, it is necessary to be prepared from all sides.
Τὸ δὲ χρῆμα τῶν βοτανῶν παρὰ σοὶ πολλάκις ἐθαύμασα, ὡς καὶ τὴν τῶν ὅλων φύσιν τε καὶ διάταξιν καὶ τὸ ἱερώτατων γῆς ἵδρυμα, ἐξ ἧς ζῶα καὶ φυτὰ καὶ τροφαὶ καὶ φάρμακα καὶ τύχη καὶ ὁ πλοῦτος αὐτὸς ἀναφύεται·
I have often admired the abundance of herbs at your place, as if admiring the nature and arrangement of the whole, and the most sacred foundation of the earth, from which animals, plants, foods, medicines, fortune, and wealth itself spring up.
οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν εἶχεν οἷ ἐπιβῇ ἡ φιλαργυρίη, οὐδ’ ἂν Ἀβδηρῖταί με νῦν δέκα ταλάντοις ἐδελέαζον, ἀντὶ ἰητροῦ μισθωτὸν ἐλέγχοντες.
For otherwise, greed would not even have had a place to set foot on, nor would the Abderites now be tempting me with ten talents, proving me a hireling instead of a physician.
Εἴθε δὲ ἠδύνασο, Κράτευα, τῆς φιλαργυρίης τὴν πικρὴν ῥίζην ἐκκόψαι, ὡς μηδὲν λείψανον αὐτῆς ἀφεῖναι, εὖ ἴσθι ὡς ἐκαθήραμεν ἂν τῶν ἀνθρώπων μετὰ τῶν σωμάτων καὶ τὰς ψυχὰς νοσεούσας.
Would that you had been able, Crateuas, to cut out the bitter root of greed, so as to leave no remnant of it; know well that we would then have purified the sick souls of men along with their bodies.
Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν εὐχαὶ, σὺ δ’ ἡμῖν τὸ παρεὸν μάλιστα τὰς ὀρεινὰς καὶ ὑψηλολόφους βοτάνας ῥιζοτόμει· στερεώτεραι γὰρ τῶν ὑδρηλοτέρων εἰσὶν καὶ δριμύτεραι μᾶλλον διὰ τὴν τῆς γῆς πυκνότητα καὶ τὴν λεπτότητα τοῦ ἠέρος· ὅ τι γὰρ ἕλκουσιν ἐμψυχότερόν ἐστι.
But these indeed are wishes; for the present, gather for us especially the herbs of the mountains and high hills; for they are firmer and sharper than the watery ones, because of the density of the earth and the thinness of the air; for whatever they draw in is more full of life.
Πειρήθητι δ’ ὅμως καὶ τὰς παρὰ λίμναις ἑλείους πεφυκυίας ἀνθολογῆσαι, καὶ τὰς παραποταμίους ἢ κρηνίτιδας ἢ πιδακίτιδας παρ’ ἡμῖν καλεομένας, ἃς δὴ ἀσθενέας καὶ ἀτόνους καὶ γλυκυχύλους εἶναι πέπεισμαι.
Try, nevertheless, to gather also those growing in marshes by lakes, and those along rivers, or what we call spring-herbs or fountain-herbs, which indeed I am convinced are weak, lack vigor, and are sweet-juiced.
Πάντα δὲ ὁκόσα χυλοί τε καὶ ὀποὶ ῥέοντες, ἐν ὑαλίνοισιν ἀγγείοισι φερέσθωσαν· ὁκόσα δ’ αὖ φύλλα ἢ ἄνθεα ἢ ῥίζαι, ἐν κώθωσι καινοῖσι περιεσφηκωμένοισιν, ὅκως μὴ διαῤῥιπιζόμενα τῇσι πνοῇσιν ἐκλίπῃ τὸν τόνον τῆς φαρμακείης, ὥσπερ λειποψυχήσαντα· ἀλλ’ εὐθὺς ἡμῖν ταῦτα πέμψον.
Let all those which are running juices and saps be carried in glass vessels; and on the other hand, let those which are leaves, flowers, or roots be carried in new, tightly bound baskets, so that they may not, by being blown about by the winds, lose the strength of their medicinal power, as if fainting; but send these to us immediately.
Καὶ γὰρ ἡ ὥρη τοῦ ἔτεος ἁρμόδιος, καὶ ἡ ἀνάγκη τῆς λεγομένης μανίης ἐπείγει· τέχνης δὲ πάσης μὲν ἀλλότριον ἀναβολὴ, ἰητρικῆς δὲ καὶ πάνυ, ἐν ᾗ ψυχῆς κίνδυνος ἡ ὑπέρθεσις· ψυχαὶ δὲ τῶν θεραπειῶν οἱ καιροὶ, ὧν ἡ παραφυλακὴ τὸ τέλος.
For indeed the season of the year is suitable, and the necessity of the so-called madness presses; and while delay is alien to every art, it is especially so to medicine, in which postponement is a danger to life; and the opportunities are the souls of treatments, the preservation of which is the goal.
Ἔλπομαι μὲν οὖν ὑγιέα εἶναι τὸν Δημόκριτον καὶ δίχα ἰήσιος· εἰ δ’ ἄρα τι σφάλμα φύσιος ἢ καιροῦ ἢ ἄλλη τις αἰτίη γένοιτο, πολλὰ γὰρ ἡμέας θνητοὺς ἐόντας λάθοι, ἅτε μὴ πάγχυ δι’ ἀτρεκίης εὐτονέοντας, ἐπὶ τὸ ἄδηλον πᾶσαν χρεὼν δύναμιν ἠθροῖσθαι.
I hope, indeed, that Democritus is healthy even without treatment; but if indeed some failure of nature or of opportunity or some other cause should occur (for many things may escape us, being mortal, since we are not entirely strong through exact certainty), it is necessary to gather all our strength against the uncertain.
Οὐ γὰρ ἀρκέεται ὁ κινδυνεύων οἷς δυνάμεθα, ἀλλ’ ἐπιθυμεῖ καὶ ἃ μὴ δυνάμεθα· καὶ σχεδὸν ἀεὶ πρὸς δύο στρατευόμεθα τέλεα, τὸ μὲν ἀνθρώπου, τὸ δὲ τέχνης, ὧν τὸ μὲν ἄδηλον, τὸ δὲ τῆς ἐπιστήμης ὥρισται.
For the one in danger is not satisfied with what we can do, but desires also what we cannot do; and we fight almost always toward two goals, the one of the human, the other of the art, of which the former is uncertain, while the latter has been defined by knowledge.
Δεῖ δὲ ἐν ἀμφοτέροισι τουτέοισι καὶ τύχης· τὸ γὰρ ἀτέκμαρτον ἐν τῇσι καθάρσεσι δι’ εὐλαβείης ἰατέον· καὶ γὰρ καὶ στομάχου κάκωσιν ὑφορώμεθα, καὶ ξυμμετρίην φαρμακείης πρὸς ἀγνοουμένην φύσιν στοχαζόμεθα· οὐ γὰρ ἡ αὐτὴ καὶ μία φύσις ἁπάντων, ἕτερον δ’ αἰεὶ πρὸς ἑωυτὴν ὁρίζουσα οἰκειοῖ, ἐνίοτε δὲ τὸ πᾶν ἀπώλεσεν.
But in both of these, fortune is also needed; for the unpredictable element in purifications must be cured with caution; indeed, we suspect damage to the stomach, and we aim at the proportion of medicine against an unknown nature; for the nature of all is not the same and single, but always defining and adapting something different to itself, and sometimes it ruins the whole.
Καὶ ταῖσι βοτάναισι πολλὰ τῶν ἑρπετῶν ἐνιοβόλησε, καὶ περιχανόντα τῇ ἐντὸς αὔρῃ κάκωσιν ἀντ’ ἀλεξήσιος αὐτῇσι προσέπνευσεν, καὶ τούτου ἄγνοια ἔσται, εἰ μή τις ἄρα κηλὶς ἢ σπίλος ἢ ὀδμὴ θηριώδης καὶ ἀπηνὴς τοῦ γενομένου ξύμβολον φανείη· εἶθ’ ἡ τέχνη διὰ τὸ ξύμπτωμα τῆς τύχης τῆς κατορθώσιος ἀφήμαρτε.
And many of the reptiles inject venom into the herbs, and gaping over them, breathe upon them a harmful breath instead of protection, and there will be ignorance of this, unless indeed some spot, stain, or wild and harsh odor should appear as a token of what has occurred; then the art, because of the accident of fortune, misses the success.
Βεβαιότεραι δ’ αἰεὶ αἱ δι’ ἐλλεβόρων διὰ τοῦτο καθάρσιές εἰσιν, αἷς καὶ Μελάμπους ἐπὶ τῶν Προίτου θυγατέρων καὶ Ἀντικυρεὺς ἐφ’ Ἡρακλέους ἱστορέονται κεχρῆσθαι.
On this account, purifications through hellebore are always more secure, which Melampus is recorded to have used on the daughters of Proetus, and Anticyreus on Heracles.
Μὴ χρησαίμεθα δὲ ἡμεῖς ἐπὶ Δημοκρίτεω μηδενὶ τουτέων, ἀλλᾲ γένοιτο ἐκείνῳ τῶν δραστικωτάτων καὶ ἰητρικωτάτων φαρμάκων σοφίη τέλος.
But may we use none of these on Democritus; rather, let wisdom be for him the end of the most active and medical remedies.
Ἔῤῥωσο.
Farewell.