§1212.
12.
Περὶ μὲν γὰρ τὴν κεφαλὴν κατὰ τὸ μέσον ἐκ πλαγίου περίκειται ἡ φλὲψ, αὐτὴ πλατεῖα καὶ λεπτὴ, οὐ πολύαιμος· τῷ γὰρ ἐγκεφάλῳ κατὰ τὰς ἁρμονίας ἐνεῤῥίζωκε πολλὰ καὶ λεπτὰ φλέβια, καὶ περὶ τὴν ὅλην κεφαλὴν ἐκτετάρσωται μέχρι τοῦ μετώπου καὶ τῶν κροτάφων.
Around the head, indeed, along the middle from the side, lies the vessel, itself broad and thin, not containing much blood; for into the brain, along the sutures, it has struck many thin small vessels, and over the whole head it is spread out like a net as far as the forehead and the temples.
Αὐτὴ δὲ ἀπιθύνεται ἐς τοὔπισθεν τῆς κεφαλῆς ἐκτὸς παρὰ τῆς ἀκάνθης τὸ δέρμα· ἐντεῦθεν δὲ καθίεται παρὰ τὴν ἔξωθεν καὶ τὴν εἴσωθεν φλέβα τῶν ἐν τῇσι σφαγῇσι.
It is directed straight to the back of the head, outside, along the skin of the spine; and from there it descends along the outer and the inner vessel of those in the throat.
Πέρην δὲ τῆς ἀκοῆς ὑποσχισθεῖσα ἀπὸ τῆς γένυος ἔξωθεν τείνει παχείη· ἀπὸ δὲ ταύτης ἐς τὴν γλῶσσαν πολλαὶ καὶ λεπταί· πλὴν ἢ ὑπὸ τὴν γλῶσσαν ἢ ὑπὸ τοὺς γομφίους.
And having branched off beyond the ear, it extends thick outside the jaw; and from this many thin branches go to the tongue, except either under the tongue or under the molars.
Αὐτὴ δὲ παχείη διὰ τῆς κληβδος καθήκει ὑπὸ τὴν ὠμοπλάτην· καὶ ταύτῃ ἀπ’ αὐτῆς βεβλάστηκε φλὲψ διὰ τοῦ νεύρου τοῦ ὑπὸ τὴν ἐπωμίδα ἡ ἐπωμιδίη ὀνομαζομένη.
And it, being thick, descends through the clavicle under the shoulder blade; and here, a vessel has branched off from it through the tendon under the shoulder point, which is called the epomidios.
Αὐτὴ δὲ αἱμόῤῥους καὶ αἱματώδης καὶ δυσίητος, ἢν ῥαγῇ ἢ σπασθῇ· τῇ μὲν γὰρ αὐτὴν νεῦρον περιέχει πλατὺ, τῇ δὲ χόνδρος· τὸ δὲ μεταξὺ αὐτῶν αὐτή τε ξυνέχει καὶ ὑμὴν ἀφρώδης· ἀσάρκου οὖν ἐόντος τοῦ τόπου, ῥηϊδίως ῥήγνυται, οὐκ ἔχουσα περιφύεσθαι σάρκας· ἤν τε ὑποδράμῃ τὸ αἷμα ἐς τοῦτο τὸ μέρος, ἐπιτυχὸν εὐρυχωρίης, οὐκ ἔχει ἀπαλλαγὴν, ἀλλὰ σκληροῦται· σκληρυνθὲν δὲ νοῦσον παρέχει.
And this is prone to hemorrhage, bloody, and difficult to cure, if it is ruptured or torn; for on one side a broad tendon surrounds it, and on the other side, cartilage; and the space between them is held together by the vessel itself and a foamy membrane; the place being fleshless, therefore, it easily ruptures, not having flesh to grow around it; and if blood runs under into this part, finding a wide space, it has no escape but hardens; and having hardened, it causes disease.
Καὶ αὐτὴ μὲν περαίνει ᾗ πρότερον εἶπον.
And this one ends where I said before.
Ἡ δὲ ὑπὸ τὴν ὠμοπλάτην ἀποβεβλάστηκεν ὑπὸ τοϊσι μαζοῖσι πυκνῇσι καὶ λεπτῇσι καὶ ἐπηλλαγμένῃσι φλεψί· καὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπωμίδος παραλλάσσουσα τὸν χόνδρον, αὐτὴ νέρθεν ὑπονεμομένη ἐς τὸν βραχίονα τείνει, τὸν μῦν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ἔχουσα.
But the one under the shoulder blade has branched out under the breasts into dense, thin, and interlaced vessels; and passing by the cartilage through the shoulder point, it extends below into the upper arm, having the muscle on the left.
Ἡ δὲ ἑξῆς σχίζεται αὐτὴ περὶ τὸν ὦμον καὶ τοῦ ἀγκῶνος τὴν ἄνω μοῖραν· τὸ δ’ ἐντεῦθεν διαπέφυκε τοῦ ἀγκῶνος ἑκατέρωθεν· ἔπειτα αὖθις παρὰ τὸν καρπὸν τῆς χειρός· ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἤδη ἀποῤῥέουσα δι’ ὅλου ἀνὰ τὴν χεῖρα πολυπλανῶς ἐῤῥίζωται.
And the next one itself splits around the shoulder and the upper part of the elbow; and from there, it grows through on either side of the elbow; then again along the wrist of the hand; and from there, now flowing off, it is rooted throughout the whole hand in a wandering manner.
§1313.
13.
Ἡ δ’ ἀρχαίη φλὲψ, ἡ νεμομένη παρὰ τὴν ἄκανθαν, διὰ δὲ τοῦ μεταφρένου, τῆς σφαγῆς καὶ τοῦ βρόγχου, ἐμπέφυκεν ἐς τὴν καρδίην ἀφ’ ἑωυτῆς φλέβα εὐμεγέθεα πολύστομον κατὰ τὴν καρδίην· ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἐς τὸ στόμα ἐσυρίγγωκεν, ἥπερ ἀρτηρίη διὰ τοῦ πλεύμονος ὀνομάζεται, ὀλίγαιμός τε καὶ πνευματώδης.
And the original vessel, which is distributed along the spine, and through the back, the throat, and the windpipe, has produced into the heart from itself a very large vessel with many openings near the heart; and from there it forms a tube to the larynx, which is called the trachea through the lung, containing little blood and much breath.
Ἐν γὰρ εὐρυχωρίῃ καὶ ἀραιώσει σπλάγχνου πολλαχῇ μὲν τοῦ πλεύμονος ὀχετεύεται, χονδρώδεις δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους πεποίηται.
For in the spaciousness and porosity of the viscus, it is channeled in many places of the lung, and has made the other passages cartilaginous.
Διὸ δὴ καί τι ἐς ταύτας κατηνέχθη τὰς διόδους τοῦ πλεύμονος τῶν ἀήθων, ἢ ἐν τῷ ποτῷ ἢ ἐν τῇ τοῦ πνεύματός τε καὶ αἵματος διόδῳ, ἅτε τῶν φλεβῶν τοιουτέων ἐουσέων, καὶ τοῦ σπλάγχνου σπογγοειδέος πολύ τε ὑγρὸν δυναμένου δέξασθαι ἄνω τε πεφυκότος· τῶν γὰρ ἐσιόντων ὑγρῶν νόμος καθέστηκεν.
Therefore, indeed, some unusual matter is also carried down into these passages of the lung, either in drinking or in the passage of the breath and blood, inasmuch as the vessels are of such a kind, and the viscus is spongy and capable of receiving much liquid, and is situated above; for a law is established for entering liquids.
Ἔτι τε τὸ αἷμα διὰ τῶν φλεβῶν τούτων οὐ πολὺ περισφίγγεται· καὶ οὐ ταχέως χωρέον οὐκ ἐξάγει τὰ ἐμπίπτοντα· οὐχ ὑπεξαγομένων δὲ αὐτῶν, ἀλλ’ ἐμμενόντων, γίνεται πῶρος.
Furthermore, the blood through these vessels is not much constricted; and not moving quickly, it does not carry out what falls in; and since they are not carried out but remain, a concretion is formed.
Οὕτως δὲ ἀπολλύεται τὸ πλησιάζον τῆς τροφῆς, ταύτῃ ἐούσης τῆς προσαγωγῆς τοῦ λάρυγγος καὶ πρὸς τὰ ἔξω.
In this way, the nearby portion of nourishment is destroyed, since the approach of the larynx is here and directed toward the outside.
Ἐγκαταλαμβανομένων δὲ τῶν διόδων ὑπὸ τοῦ πώρου, ταχύπνοιά τε καὶ δύσπνοια ἴσχει, τῇδε μὴ δυναμένων τὴν φύσην ἐξιέναι, τῇδε οὐκ εὐπόρως· ἐχόντων κατασπᾷν.
When the passages are blocked by the concretion, rapid breathing and difficulty in breathing take hold, since they cannot expel the nature of breath in this direction, and in that direction not easily, while they have to draw it down.
Ἐκ δὴ τοιουτέων αἱ τοιαῦται νοῦσοι γίνονται, οἷον ἄσθματα καὶ ξηραὶ φθινάδες.
From such causes, indeed, such diseases arise, such as asthma and dry phthisis.
Ἢν δὲ ἐν αὐτοῖσι ξυνιστάμενον πλέον τὸ ὑγρὸν κρατήσῃ, ὥστε μὴ δύνασθαι παχυνθὲν παγῆναι, καὶ σαπρὸν τὸν πλεύμονα ποιέει καὶ τὰ πλησιάζοντα, καὶ γίνονται ἔμπυοί τε καὶ φθινώδεες· γίνεται δὲ τὰ νουσήματα ταῦτα καὶ δι’ ἄλλας αἰτίας.
But if the liquid accumulating in them becomes too great and prevails, so that it cannot thicken and solidify, it also makes the lung and the nearby parts putrid, and they become empyemic and consumptive; though these diseases also arise through other causes.