§1010.
10.
Ἡ δὲ ἡπατῖτις ἐν ὀσφύϊ μέχρι τοῦ μεγάλου σπονδύλου κάτωθεν, καὶ σπονδύλοισι προσδιδοῖ, ἐντεῦθεν μετέωρος δι’ ἥπατος καὶ διὰ φρενῶν ἐς καρδίην.
The hepatic vessel runs from below in the loins as far as the great vertebra, and distributes branches to the vertebrae; from there it rises through the liver and through the diaphragm into the heart.
Καὶ ᾔει μὲν εὐθεῖα ἐς κληβδας· ἐντεῦθεν δὲ αἱ μὲν ἐς τράχηλον, αἱ δ’ ἐπ’ ὠμοπλάτας, αἱ δὲ ἀποκαμφθεῖσαι κάτω, παρὰ σπονδύλους καὶ πλευρὰς ἀποκλίνουσιν.
And it went straight to the clavicles; from there, some of the branches turn to the neck, others to the shoulder blades, and others, bending downward, diverge along the vertebrae and the ribs.
Ἐξ ἀριστερῶν μὲν μία ἐγγὺς κληΐδων, ἐκ δεξιῶν δὲ ἐπί τι αὐτὴ χωρίον.
From the left, one runs near the clavicles, while from the right, the vessel itself extends to a certain place.
Ἄλλη δὲ ἑκατέρωθεν ἀποκαμφθεῖσα, ἄλλη δὲ σμικρὸν κατωτέρω ἀποκαμφθεῖσα, ὅθεν μὲν ἐκείνη ἀπέλιπε, προσέδωκε τῇσι πλευρῇσιν, ἔστ’ ἂν τῇ ἐπ’ αὐτέης τῆς καρδίης προστύχῃ ἐπικαμπτομένη ἐς τὰ ἀριστερά·
Another branch, bending from each side, and another, bending a little lower down, distributes to the ribs from where that other vessel left off, until it meets the vessel that is upon the heart itself, bending to the left.
ἀποκαμφθεῖσα δὲ κάτω ἐπὶ σφονδύλους καταβαίνει, ἔστ’ ἂν ἀφίκηται ὅθεν ἤρξατο μετεωρίζεσθαι, ἀποδιδοῦσα τῇσι πλευρῇσι τῇσιν ἐπιλοίποις ἁπάσαις, καὶ ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν ἀποσχίδας παρ’ ἑκάστην διδοῦσα μία ἐοῦσα, ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς καρδίης ἐπί τι χωρίον ἐν τοῖσιν ἀριστεροῖσι μᾶλλον ἐοῦσα, ἔπειτα ὑποκάτω τῆς ἀρτηρίης, ἔστ’ ἂν καταναλωθῇ καὶ ἔλθῃ ὅθεν ἡ ἡπατῖτις ἐμετεωρίσθη.
Bending downward, it descends to the vertebrae until it reaches the place where it began to rise, distributing to all the remaining ribs, and sending offshoots along each on either side, while remaining a single vessel. From the heart, it lies for a certain distance more to the left, then beneath the aorta, until it is spent and comes to the place where the hepatic vessel rose.
Πρότερον δὲ πρὶν ἐνταῦθ’ ἐλθεῖν, παρὰ τὰς ἐσχάτας δύο πλευρὰς ἐδιχώθη· καὶ ἡ μὲν ἔνθα, ἡ δ’ ἔνθα τῶν σφονδύλων ἐλθοῦσα κατηναλώθη·
But before coming there, it divided near the last two ribs; and one branch going to this side of the vertebrae and the other to that side was spent.
ἡ δὲ εὐθεῖα ἀπὸ καρδίης πρὸς κληβδας τείνουσα ἄνωθεν τῆς ἀρτηρίης ἐστὶν, ὥσπερ καὶ παρ’ ὀσφὺν κάτωθεν τῆς ἀρτηρίης, καὶ ἀπὸ ταύτης ἀΐσσει ἐς τὸ ἧπαρ ἡ μὲν ἐπὶ πύλας καὶ λοβὸν, ἡ δὲ ἐς τὸ ἄλλο ἑξῆς ἀφωρμήκει σμικρὸν κάτωθεν φρενῶν.
The straight vessel extending from the heart to the clavicles is above the aorta, just as by the loins it is below the aorta, and from this vessel there dart into the liver one branch to the gates and the lobe, and another to the rest in order, starting a little below the diaphragm.
Φρένες δὲ προσπεφύκασι τῷ ἥπατι, ἃς οὐ ῥᾴδιον χωρίσαι.
The diaphragm is naturally attached to the liver, and it is not easy to separate them.
Δισσαὶ δ’ ἀπὸ κληΐδων, αἱ μὲν ἔνθεν, αἱ δὲ ἔνθεν ὑπὸ στῆθος ἐς ἦτρον· ὅποι δὲ ἐντεῦθεν, οὔπω οἶδα.
There are two pairs of vessels from the clavicles, one on this side and the other on that, running under the chest into the abdomen; where they go from there, I do not yet know.
Φρένες δὲ κατὰ τὸν σπόνδυλον τὸν κάτω τῶν πλευρέων, ᾗ νεφρὸς ἐξ ἀρτηρίης, ταύτῃ ἀμφιβεβηκυῖαι.
The diaphragm is placed around the vertebra below the ribs, where the kidney comes from the aorta.
Ἀρτηρίαι δὲ ἐκ τουτέου ἐκπεφύκασιν ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν, ἀρτηρίης τρόπον ἔχουσαι.
And arteries grow from this on either side, having the character of an artery.
Ταύτῃ πη παλινδρομήσασα ἀπὸ καρδίης ἡ ἡπατῖτις ἔληγεν.
Somewhere here, the hepatic vessel, having run backward from the heart, came to an end.
Ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς ἡπατίτιδος διὰ τῶν φρενῶν αἱ μέγισται δύο, ἡ μὲν ἔνθεν, ἡ δὲ ἔνθεν φέρονται μετέωροι, πολυσχιδεῖς δὲ διὰ τῶν φρενῶν εἰσιν ἀμφὶ ταύτας, καὶ πεφύκασιν ἄνωθεν δὲ φρενῶν, αὗται δὲ μᾶλλόν τι ἐμφανέες.
From the hepatic vessel, two very large branches run upward through the diaphragm, one on this side and the other on that, and there are many offshoots around these through the diaphragm, and they are formed above the diaphragm, these being somewhat more conspicuous.
Δύο δὲ παχεῖς τόνοι ἀπ’ ἐγκεφάλου ὑπὸ τὸ ὀστέον τοῦ μεγάλου σφονδύλου ἄνωθεν, καὶ πρὸς τοῦ στομάχου μᾶλλον ἑκατέρωθεν τῆς ἀρτηρίης παρελθὼν ἑκάτερος εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἦλθεν ἴκελος ἑνί· ἔπειτα ᾗ σφόνδυλοι καὶ φρένες πεφύκασιν, ἐνταῦθ’ ἐτελεύτων· καί τινες ἐνδοιαστοὶ πρὸς ἧπαρ καὶ σπλῆνα ἀπὸ τούτου τοῦ κοινωνήματος ἐδόκεον τείνειν.
Two thick cords run down from the brain under the bone of the great vertebra from above, and passing rather on the side of the esophagus on either side of the aorta, each came together with the other like a single cord; then, where the vertebrae and the diaphragm are formed, there they ended; and there seemed to be some doubtful cords extending from this union toward the liver and the spleen.
Ἄλλος τόνος ἑκατέρωθεν ἐκ τῶν κατὰ κληβδα σφονδύλων παρὰ ῥάχιν παρέτεινεν, ἐκ πλαγίου σφονδύλου, καὶ τῇσι πλευρῇσιν ἀπένεμεν· ὥσπερ αἱ φλέβες, οὗτοι διὰ φρενῶν ἐς μεσεντέριόν μοι δοκέουσι τείνειν, ἐν δὲ τουτέοισιν ἐξέλιπον, αὖθις δ’ ὅθεν φρένες ἐξεπεφύκεσαν ἀπὸ τούτου ξυνεχέες ἐόντες, κατὰ μέσον κάτωθεν ἀρτηρίης· τὸ ἐπίλοιπον παρὰ σπονδύλους ἀπεδίδουν, ὥσπερ αἱ φλέβες, μέχρι κατηναλώθησαν πᾶν διελθόντες τὸ ἱερὸν ὀστέον.
Another cord on each side extended from the vertebrae near the clavicles along the spine, from the side of the vertebra, and distributed to the ribs; like the vessels, these seem to me to extend through the diaphragm to the mesentery, and they disappeared in these parts, but again, where the diaphragm grew out, being continuous with this, they appeared along the middle below the aorta; they distributed the rest along the vertebrae, like the vessels, until they were spent, having passed through the whole sacred bone.
§1111.
11.
Τὰ ὀστέα τῷ σώματι στάσιν καὶ ὀρθότητα καὶ εἶδος παρέχονται· τὰ δὲ νεῦρα κάμψιν καὶ ξύντασιν καὶ ἔκτασιν· αἱ δὲ σάρκες καὶ τὸ δέρμα πάντων ξύνδεσιν καὶ ξύνταξιν.
The bones afford stability, erectness, and form to the body; the sinews afford bending, tension, and extension; the flesh and the skin afford the binding and coordination of all.
Αἱ φλέβες διὰ τοῦ σώματος κεχυμέναι πνεῦμα καὶ ῥεῦμα καὶ κίνησιν παρέχονται, ἀπὸ μιῆς πολλαὶ διαβλαστάνουσαι, καὶ αὕτη μὲν ἡ μία ὕθεν ἦρκται καὶ ᾗ τετελεύτηκεν οὐκ οἶδα· κύκλου γὰρ γεγενημένου ἀρχὴ οὐχ εὑρέθη.
The vessels, distributed through the body, afford breath, flow, and movement, many branching out from one; and as for this single vessel, I do not know where it begins and where it ends; for when a circle is formed, the beginning is not found.
Τὰς δ’ ἀποφυάδας αὐτῆς, ὅθεν ἤρτηνται καὶ ᾗ παύονται τοῦ σώματος, καὶ ὡς ἡ μίη ταύτῃσιν ὁμολογέει, καὶ ἐν ὁποίοις τόποις τέτανται τοῦ σώματος, ἐγὼ δηλώσω.
But its offshoots, where they are suspended and where they end in the body, and how the single vessel agrees with them, and in what places of the body they are stretched, I will make clear.