§1313.
13.
Διὰ δὲ τοῦτο φύονται οἱ ὀδόντες ὕστερον τῶν ἄλλων· ἐν τῇ γνάθῳ φλέβες εἰσὶ τῇ κάτω κοῖλαι, καὶ μούνοισι τῶν ὀστέων αὗται τὴν τροφὴν παρέχουσι τῷ ὀστέῳ·
And for this reason teeth grow later than the other parts: in the lower jaw there are hollow veins, and to this bone alone of the bones do they provide nourishment.
τὰ δὲ ὀστέα τοιαύτην αὔξησιν ὁποῖά πέρ ἐστι, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα δὲ πάντα τοιαύτην ἀποδίδωσιν αὔξησιν, ὁποῖα αὐτά ἐστιν·
And bones yield such growth as they themselves are, and indeed all other things return such growth as they themselves are.
καὶ γὰρ αἱ φλέβες αἱ ἐκ τῆς νηδύος καὶ τῶν ἐντέρων, εἰς ἃ συλλέγεται τὰ σιτία καὶ τὰ ποτὰ, ἐπειδὰν θερμανθῇ ταῦτα, ἕλκουσι τὸ λεπτότατον καὶ τὸ ὑγρότατον· τὸ δὲ παχύτατον αὐτέου καταλείπεται, καὶ γίνεται κόπρος ἐν τοῖσιν ἐντέροισι τοῖσι κάτω· τὸ δὲ λεπτότατον αἱ φλέβες ἕλκουσιν ἐκ τῆς νηδύος καὶ τῶν ἐντέρων τῶν ἄνωθεν τῆς νήστιος, θερμαινομένων τῶν σιτίων·
For indeed the veins from the stomach and the intestines, into which food and drink gather, when these are heated, draw the finest and wettest part; the thickest part of it is left behind, and becomes feces in the lower intestines; and the finest part the veins draw from the stomach and the intestines above the jejunum, while the food is being heated.
ἐπὴν δὲ περήσῃ τὴν νῆστιν, ἐς τὰ κάτω ἔντερα ξυνεστράφη, καὶ κόπρος ἐγένετο·
But when it passes the jejunum, it turns into the lower intestines and becomes feces.
ἡ δὲ τροφὴ ἐπειδὰν ἀφίκηται ἐς ἕκαστον, τοιαύτην ἀπέδωκε τὴν εἰδέην ἑκάστου ὁκοία περ ἦν· ἀρδόμενα γὰρ ὑπὸ τῆς τροφῆς αὔξεται ἕκαστα, τὸ θερμὸν καὶ τὸ ψυχρὸν καὶ τὸ κολλῶδες καὶ τὸ λιπαρὸν καὶ τὸ γλυκὺ καὶ τὸ πικρὸν καὶ τὰ ὀστέα καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ξύμπαντα ὁκόσα ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἔνι.
And when the nourishment arrives at each part, it yields such form of each as it was; for irrigated by the nourishment each part grows: the hot, the cold, the glutinous, the fatty, the sweet, the bitter, the bones, and all other things whatsoever that are in man.
Διὰ τοῦτο ὕστερον οἱ ὀδόντες φύονται·
For this reason teeth grow later.
εἴρηται δέ μοι καὶ πρότερον ὅτι μοῦναι τῶν ὀστέων αἱ γνάθοι φλέβας ἔχουσιν αὐταὶ ἐν ἑωυταῖσι· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τροφὴ ἕλκεται πλέον ἢ ἐς τὰ ἄλλα ὀστέα.
And it has been said by me before that the jaws alone of the bones have veins themselves in themselves; and because of this, more nourishment is drawn than into the other bones.
Καὶ πλέονα τὴν τροφὴν ἔχοντα καὶ ἀθροωτέρην τὴν ἐπιῤῥοὴν, ἀποτίκτει αὔξησιν αὐτὰ ἀφ’ ἑαυτέων τοιαύτην οἷά πέρ ἐστιν αὐτὰ, τέως ἄν περ καὶ ἄνθρωπος οὖλος αὐξάνηται.
And having more nourishment and a more concentrated influx, they generate growth from themselves of such a kind as they themselves are, as long as the whole human is growing.
Αὐξάνεται δὲ ἐπὴν γένηται ἐπίδηλος· ἐπίδηλος δὲ μάλιστα γίνεται ἀπὸ ἑπταετέος μέχρι τεσσαρεσκαιδεκαετέος, καὶ ἐν τουτέῳ τῷ χρόνῳ οἵ τε μέγιστοι τῶν ὀδόντων φύονται καὶ ἄλλοι πάντες, ἐπὴν ἐκπέσωσιν οἳ ἐγένοντο ἀπὸ τῆς τροφῆς τῆς ἐν τῇ μήτρῃ.
And it grows when it becomes conspicuous; and it becomes most conspicuous from seven to fourteen years of age, and in this time the largest of the teeth grow and all the others, when those have fallen out which came from the nourishment in the womb.
Αὐξάνεται δὲ καὶ ἐς τὴν τρίτην ἑβδομάδα, ἐν ᾗ νεηνίσκος γίνεται, μέχρι τεσσάρων καὶ πέντε ἑβδομάδων· καὶ ἐν τῇ τετάρτῃ δὲ ἑβδομάδι ὀδόντες φύονται δύο τοῖσι πολλοῖσι τῶν ἀνθρώπων, οὗτοι καλέονται σωφρονιστῆρες. §1414.
And growth continues also into the third seven-year period, in which one becomes a youth, up to four and five seven-year periods; and in the fourth seven-year period, teeth grow, two for most people, and these are called wisdom teeth. 14.
Αἱ δὲ τρίχες φύονται ὧδε· ὀστέα εἰσὶ καὶ ἐγκέφαλος, ἀφ’ ὧν ἡ τοιαύτη αὔξησις, ὅτι τοῦ πέριξ κολλώδεος, ὅπως περ τοῖσι νεύροισι, καὶ τοῦ λιπαροῦ οὐκ ἔνεστιν· εἰ γὰρ ἐνῆν τοῦ λιπαροῦ, ἐξεκαίετο ἂν ἐκ τοῦ θερμοῦ.
And hair grows in this way: there are bones and the brain, from which such growth comes, because there is none of the surrounding glutinous, as there is for the ligaments, and of the fatty; for if the fatty had been present, it would have been burned out by the heat.
Τάχα δὲ θαυμάσειεν ἄν τις ὅτι καὶ ἐν τῇσι μασχάλῃσι καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐπισείῳ τρίχες πολλαὶ καὶ ἐν τῷ σώματι παντί εἰσιν· ωὐτὸς λόγος περὶ τουτέου·
But perhaps someone might wonder why there is also much hair in the armpits and on the pubes and on the whole body: the same account holds for this.
ὅπου τυγχάνει τοῦ σώματος τὸ κολλῶδες ὂν, ἐνταῦθα αἱ τρίχες γίνονται ὑπὸ τοῦ θερμοῦ. §1515.
Wherever the glutinous happens to be in the body, there hair is formed by the heat. 15.
Ἀκούει δὲ διὰ τόδε· τὰ τρήματα τῶν οὐάτων προσήκει πρὸς ὀστέον σκληρόν τε καὶ ξηρὸν ὅμοιον λίθῳ· τοῦτο δὲ, πέφυκε πρὸς ὀστέον κοίλωσις σηραγγώδης·
And one hears for this reason: the passages of the ears reach to a bone that is hard and dry like a stone; and in this bone, there is naturally a spongy cavity.
οἱ δὲ ψόφοι ἀπερείδονται πρὸς τὸ σκληρόν· τὸ δὲ ὀστέον τὸ κοῖλον ἐπηχεῖ διὰ τοῦ σκληροῦ·
And sounds strike against the hard part, and the hollow bone resonates through the hard part.
τὸ δὲ δέρμα τὸ πρὸς τῇ ἀκοῇ πρὸς τῷ ὀστέῳ τῷ σκληρῷ λεπτόν ἐστιν ὥσπερ ἀράχνιον, ξηρότατον τοῦ ἄλλου δέρματος.
And the skin near the organ of hearing, against the hard bone, is thin like a spiderweb, the driest of the rest of the skin.
Τεκμήρια δὲ πολλὰ ὅτι ξηρότατον ἠχεῖ μάλιστα· ὅταν δὲ μέγιστον ἠχήσῃ, τότε μάλιστα ἀκούομεν.
And there are many proofs that what is driest resonates most; and when it resonates loudest, then we hear best.
Καί εἰσί τινες οἳ ἔλεξαν φύσιν ξυγγράφοντες ὅτι ὁ ἐγκέφαλός ἐστιν ὁ ἠχέων· τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἂν γένηται·
And there are some who said, writing on nature, that the brain is what resonates; but this could not be.
αὐτός τε γὰρ ὁ ἐγκέφαλος ὑγρός ἐστι, καὶ μῆνιγξ περὶ αὐτόν ἐστιν ὑγρὴ καὶ παχείη, καὶ περὶ τὴν μήνιγγα ὀστέα·
For the brain itself is wet, and the membrane around it is wet and thick, and around the membrane are bones.
οὐδὲν οὖν τῶν ὑγρῶν ἠχεῖ, ἀλλὰ ξηρά· τὰ δὲ ἠχέοντα ἀκοὴν ποιεῖ.
Nothing wet, therefore, resonates, but dry things do; and things that resonate produce hearing.