§1#2ὥστε μηκέτι τὸ θεῖον αἴτιον εἶναι, ἀλλά τι ἀνθρώπινον.
so that the divine is no longer the cause, but rather something human.
Ὅστις γὰρ οἷός τε περικαθαίρων ἐστὶ καὶ μαγεύων ἀπάγειν τοιοῦτον πάθος, οὗτος κἂν ἐπάγοι ἕτερα τεχνησάμενος, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ τὸ θεῖον ἀπόλλυται.
For whoever by performing purifications and practicing magic is able to drive away such an affliction, could also bring it on by other devices, and in this argument the divine is destroyed.
Τοιαῦτα λέγοντες καὶ μηχανεύμενοι προσποιέονται πλέον τι εἰδέναι, καὶ ἀνθρώπους ἐξαπατέουσι προστιθέμενοι τούτοισιν ἁγνείας τε καὶ καθαρότητας, ὅ τε πουλὺς αὐτοῖσι τοῦ λόγου ἐς τὸ θεῖον ἀφήκει καὶ τὸ δαιμόνιον.
By saying and contriving such things they pretend to have superior knowledge, and they deceive people by adding to these restrictions purities and purifications, while the greater part of their talk refers to the divine and the supernatural.
Καίτοι ἔμοιγε οὐ περὶ εὐσεβείης δοκέουσι τοὺς λόγους ποιέεσθαι, ὡς οἴονται, ἀλλὰ περὶ δυσσὲβείης μᾶλλον, καὶ ὡς οἱ θεοὶ οὐκ εἰσὶ, τό τε εὐσεβὲς καὶ θεῖον αὐτῶν ἀσεβὲς καὶ ἀνόσιόν ἐστιν, ὡς ἐγὼ διδάξω.
And yet to me they seem to make their discourses not about piety, as they think, but rather about impiety, and to show that the gods do not exist; indeed, their piety and divinity are impious and unholy, as I shall demonstrate.
Εἰ γὰρ σελήνην τε καθαιρέειν καὶ ἥλιον ἀφανίζειν καὶ χειμῶνά τε καὶ εὐδίην ποιέειν καὶ ὄμβρους καὶ αὐχμοὺς καὶ θάλασσαν ἄφορον καὶ γῆν καὶ τἄλλα τὰ τοιουτότροπα πάντα ὑποδέχονται ἐπίστασσθαι, εἴτε καὶ ἐκ τελετέων εἴτε καὶ ἐξ ἄλλης τινὸς γνώμης ἢ μελέτης φασὶν ταῦτα οἷόν τ’ εἶναι γενέσθαι οἱ ταῦτ’ ἐπιτηδεύοντες, δυσσεβέειν ἔμοιγε δοκέουσι καὶ θεοὺς οὔτε εἶναι νομίζειν οὔτ’ ἐόντας ἰσχύειν οὐδὲν οὔτε εἴργεσθαι ἂν οὐδενὸς τῶν ἐσχάτων, ὧν ποιέοντες πῶς οὐ δεινοὶ αὐτοῖσίν εἰσιν;
For if they profess to know how to draw down the moon, to eclipse the sun, to make storm and fair weather, rain and drought, and to make the sea and the land barren, and all other such things, whether those who practice these things claim that it is possible through initiations or through some other knowledge or study, they seem to me to be impious, and to believe neither that gods exist nor that, if they exist, they have any power, or that they could prevent any of the extreme things; and by doing these things, how can they not be terrible in the eyes of the gods?
εἰ γὰρ ἄνθρωπος μαγεύων τε καὶ θύων σελήνην τε καθαιρήσει καὶ ἥλιον ἀφανιεῖ καὶ χειμῶνα καὶ εὐδίην ποιήσει, οὐκ ἂν ἔγωγέ τι θεῖον νομίσαιμι τούτων εἶναι, ἀλλ’ ἀνθρώπινον, εἰ δὴ τοῦ θείου ἡ δύναμις ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπου γνώμης κρατέεται καὶ δεδούλωται.
For if a man by practicing magic and sacrificing can draw down the moon, eclipse the sun, and make storm and fair weather, I should not believe any of these things to be divine, but human, if indeed the power of the divine is mastered and enslaved by the mind of a man.
Ἴσως δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει ταῦτα, ἀλλ’ ἄνθρωποι βίου δεόμενοι πολλὰ καὶ παντοῖα τεχνέονται καὶ ποικίλλουσιν ἔς τε τἄλλα πάντα καὶ ἐς τὴν νοῦσον ταύτην, ἑκάστῳ εἴδει τοῦ πάθεος θεῷ τὴν αἰτίην προστιθέντες.
But perhaps these things are not so, but men in need of a livelihood devise and embellish many and various tricks for all other things and also for this disease, attributing the cause to a god for each form of the affliction.
Οὐ γὰρ καθάπαξ, ἀλλὰ πλεονάκις ταῦτα μέμνηνται· κἢν μὲν γὰρ αἶγα μιμῶνται, κἢν βρύχωνται, κἢν τὰ δεξιὰ σπῶνται, μητέρα θεῶν φασὶν αἰτίην εἶναι.
For they do not make mention of these things only once, but repeatedly: if, for instance, they imitate a goat, or if they roar, or if they suffer convulsions on the right side, they say that the Mother of the Gods is the cause.
Ἢν δὲ ὀξύτερον καὶ εὐτονώτερον φθέγγηται, ἵππῳ εἰκάζουσι, καὶ φασὶ Ποσειδῶνα αἴτιον εἶναι.
But if they utter a sharper and louder cry, they liken it to a horse, and say that Poseidon is the cause.
Ἢν δὲ καὶ τῆς κόπρου τι παρέῃ, ὃ πολλάκις γίνεται ὑπὸ τῆς νούσου βιαζομένοισιν, Ἐνοδίου πρόσκειται ἡ προσωνυμίη·
And if some excrement is passed, which often happens to those constrained by the disease, the name of Enodia is attached.
ἢν δὲ λεπτότερον καὶ πυκνότερον, οἷον ὄρνιθες, Ἀπόλλων νόμιος.
But if it is thinner and more frequent, like birds, Apollo Nomios is blamed.
Ἢν δὲ ἀφρὸν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ἀφίῃ καὶ τοῖσι ποσὶ λακτίζῃ, Ἄρης τὴν αἰτίην ἔχει.
And if he foams at the mouth and kicks with his feet, Ares is the cause.
Ὁκόσα δὲ δείματα νυκτὸς παρίσταται καὶ φόβοι καὶ παράνοιαι καὶ ἀναπηδήσιες ἐκ τῆς κλίνης καὶ φόβητρα καὶ φεύξιες ἔξω, Ἑκάτης φασὶν εἶναι ἐπιβολὰς καὶ ἡρώων ἐφόδους.
And whatever terrors of the night appear, and fears, deliriums, jumpings from the bed, frightening apparitions, and flights outside, they say these are the visitations of Hecate and assaults of heroes.
Καθαρμοῖσί τε χρέονται καὶ ἐπαοιὃῇσι, καὶ ἀνοσιώτατόν γε καὶ ἀθεώτατον ποιέουσιν, ὡς ἔμοιγε δοκέει, τὸ θεῖον·
And they use purifications and incantations, and make the divine, as it seems to me, most unholy and godless.
καθαίρουσι γὰρ τοὺς ἐχομένους τῇ νούσῳ αἵματύτε καὶ ἄλλοισι τοιούτοισιν ὥσπερ μίασμά τι ἔχοντας, ἢ ἀλάστορας, ἢ πεφαρμαγμένους ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων, ἤ τι ἔργον ἀνόσιον εἰργασμένους, οὓς ἐχρῆν τἀναντία τούτοισι ποιέειν, θύειν τε καὶ εὔχεσθαι καὶ ἐς τὰ ἱερὰ φέροντας ἱκετεύειν·
For they purify those possessed by the disease with blood and other such things, as if they had some defilement, or were possessed by avenging spirits, or bewitched by men, or had done some unholy deed; whereas they ought to do the very opposite, namely, to sacrifice and pray, and to bring them to the temples to supplicate the gods.
τοὺς θεούς νῦν δὲ τούτων μὲν ποιέουσιν οὐδὲν, καθαίρουσι δέ Καὶ τὰ μὲν τῶν καθαρμῶν γῇ κρύπτουσι, τὰ δὲ ἐς θάλασσαν ἐμβάλλουσι τὰ δὲ ἐς τὰ οὔρεα ἀποφέρουσιν, ὅπη μηδεὶς ἅψεται μηδὲ ἐπιβήσεται·
But as it is, they do none of these things, but only purify them. And some of the purification offerings they hide in the earth, others they cast into the sea, and others they carry away to the mountains, where no one will touch them or tread upon them.
τὰ δ’ ἐχρῆν ἐς τὰ ἱερὰ φέροντας τῷ θεῷ ἀποδοῦναι, εἰ δὴ θεός γέ ἐστιν αἴτιος.
Whereas they ought to carry them to the temples and restore them to the god, if indeed a god is the cause.
Οὐ μέντοι ἔγωγε ἀξιῶ ὑπὸ θεοῦ. ἀνθρώπου σῶμα μιαίνεσθαι, τὸ ἐπικηρότατον ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγνοτάτου· ἀλλὰ κἢν τυγχάνῃ ὑπὸ ἑτέρου μεμιασμένον ἤ τι πεπονθὸς, ἐθέλοι ἂν ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καθαίρεσθαι καὶ ἁγνίζεσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ μιαίνεσθαι.
However, I do not believe that a man's body is defiled by a god, the most perishable thing by the most pure; but even if it happens to have been defiled by something else or to have suffered some harm, it would surely be purified and sanctified by the god, rather than defiled.
Τὰ γοῦν μέγιστα τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων καὶ ἀνοσιώτατα τὸ θεῖόν ἐστι τὸ καθαῖρον καὶ ἁγνίζον καὶ ῥύμμα γινόμενον ἡμῖν, αὐτοί τε ὄρους τοῖσι θεοῖσι τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ τῶν τεμενέων ἀποδεικνύμενοι, ὡς ἂν μηδεὶς ὑπερβαίνῃ ἢν μὴ ἁγνεύῃ, εἰσιόντες τε ἡμεῖς περιῤῥαινόμεθα οὐχ ὡς μιαινόμενοι, ἀλλ’ εἴ τι καὶ πρότερον ἔχομεν μύσος, τοῦτο ἀφαγνιούμενοι.
At any rate, it is the divine that purifies and sanctifies the greatest and most unholy of our sins, and becomes a cleansing agent for us. We ourselves mark out boundaries for the temples and sacred precincts of the gods, so that no one may cross them unless he is pure, and when we enter we sprinkle ourselves, not to defile ourselves, but to wash away any pollution we may have previously contracted.
Καὶ περὶ μὲν τῶν καθαρμῶν οὕτω μοι δοκέει ἔχειν.
And regarding purifications, this is how it seems to me to stand.