§44.
4.
Ὄξος δὲ χρωτὶ μὲν καὶ ἄρθροισι παραπλήσιον θαλάσσῃ καὶ δυνατώτερον καταχέειν καὶ πυριῇν· καὶ ἕλκεσι τοῖσι νεοτρώτοισι, θρόμβοισιν, οὗ μέλασμα αἰδοίων, καῦσις οὐάτων ἢ καὶ ὀδόντων· θερμῷ δὲ ταῦτα, τά τε ἄλλα· καὶ τῇ ὥρῃ συντεκμαίρεσθαι· ἐκ τήξεως ἅλες·
Vinegar is similar to sea water for the skin and joints, and is more powerful for pouring over and for warm steaming; it is also suitable for fresh wounds, blood clots, cases of blackening of the genitals, and burning in the ears or even the teeth; one must use these warm for these and other symptoms, and also judge by the season; salt from dissolution is similar.
καὶ πρὸς ἄλλα δὲ ὅσα λειχῆσι, λέπρῃσιν, ἀλφοῖσι, συντείνει παχυνθὲν ἐν ἡλίῳ θερμῷ, μάλιστα δὲ ὄνυξι λεπροῖσι, κρατέει γὰρ μετὰ χρόνον.
It is also effective for other conditions such as lichens, leprosy, and alphos, when thickened in the hot sun, especially for rough nails, for in time it overcomes them.
Μυρμηκίας ἁπαλύνει, καὶ τοὺς ἐν ὠσὶν ἰᾶται ῥύπους, μαλάσσει δὲ καὶ χρῶτα, πολλαχῆ δὲ καὶ ἄλλῃ;
It softens warts, heals filth in the ears, and softens the skin, and is useful in many other ways; if it did not offend by its smell, especially for women.
εἰ μὴ ὀδμῇ ἔβλαπτε, καὶ μάλιστα γυναῖκας· ἐδύνατο δ’ ἂν καὶ ποδαγρίῃ, εἰ μὴ ὁ χρὼς ἐτιτρώσκετο.
It would also have been powerful for gout, if the skin were not injured.
Ταῦτα καὶ τρὺξ ὄξους ποιέει.
The dregs of vinegar do these same things.
§55.
5.
Οἶνος δὲ γλυκὺς, ὅσα χρόνια τρώματα, συνεχέως χρωμένῳ αὔταρκες, ἀτὰρ καὶ ἐς φαρμακοποσίην.
Sweet wine is sufficient for chronic wounds for one who uses it continuously, and also for taking medicine.
Αὐστηρὸς δὲ ὁ λευκὸς καὶ μέλας οἶνος ψυχρὸς ἐπὶ τὰ ἕλκεα ἐνδέχεται, ψυχρὸς διὰ τὴν θέρμην.
On the other hand, dry white and red wine are applied cold to wounds, being cold because of its heat.
Ὅρια δὲ, ὅσα μὲν ψύξιος εἵνεκα ἢ καταχεῖται ἢ ἐνίεται ἢ ἐμβάπτεται, ὡς ὕδωρ ψυχρότατον· ὅσα δὲ στύψιος, ὁ μέλας οἶνος, καὶ εἴρια καταῤῥῆναι, οἷον καὶ φύλλα τευτλίων ἢ ὀθόνια βάπτεται ἐπὶ τὰ πλεῖστα· ὅσα δέ τι στύψιος, οἷον κισσοῦ φύλλα, ὁ λευκὸς, καὶ ὅσα στρυφνότερα ἢ ψαθυρώτερα, οἷον κίστος τε καὶ βάτος, ῥοῦς σκυτοδεψικὴ, ἐλελίσφακος, καὶ ὅσα μαλθάσσειν δεῖ, οἷον ἄλητον ἑφθόν.
The boundaries are: those used for the sake of cooling, whether poured, injected, or dipped, are used like the coldest water; those for the sake of astringency are red wine, and wool is to be soaked in it, just as beet leaves or linen cloths are dipped for most purposes; those for some degree of astringency, such as ivy leaves, require white wine, and those that are harsher or more brittle, such as cistus, bramble, tanning sumac, sage, and those things that must be softened, such as boiled barley meal.
§66.
6.
Τὸ ψυχρὸν ὠφελέει τὰ ἐρυθρὰ, οἷα ἄλλῃ καὶ ἄλλῃ ἐκθύει ὑποπλάτη, οἷα οἱ τοὺς σπλῆνας ὀγκηροὺς [ἔχοντες] ἀνίσχουσιν, εὐσάρκοισί τε καὶ ἁπαλοσάρκοισιν, ὑπέρυθρα δὲ μέλασι, καὶ οἷαι στρογγύλαι ἐοῦσαι, αἰθόλικας λέγουσι, καὶ ἐν αὐτῇσι τῇσι θερμολουσίῃσιν ἀνίσταται γενόμενα, καὶ γυναιξὶν ἐκ γυναικείων ἀναδρομῆς ὑπὸ χρῶτα, καὶ ὑπὸ ἐρεθισμοῦ δέρματος, ἢ ἱματίων τρηχείων ἀήθει φορήσει, καὶ ἐξ ἱδρώτων ἐξόδου, ἢ ἐκ ψύχεος ἐξαίφνης πρὸς πῦρ ἐλθόντι ἢ λουτρὰ θερμὰ, ταῦτα ἢν ὕστερον ποιήσῃ, ἔτι οὐδαμῶς ἐκθύει.
The cold benefits reddish eruptions, such as those that break out flat here and there, like those which people with swollen spleens display, occurring in the fleshy and soft-fleshed, but reddish in those of dark complexion, and those which, being round, are called heat-spots, and which arise and appear during hot baths themselves, and in women from the reflux of menses under the skin, and from skin irritation, or from the unaccustomed wearing of rough clothes, and from the outflow of sweat, or from cold when one suddenly goes to a fire or to warm baths; if one does these things later, they no longer break out at all.
Ἐπεὶ ὁκόσα γε ἐκ ψύχεος γίνεται, ἢ ὁκόσα τρηχύνεται κεγχρώδεα, εἶτ’ ἐφελκοῦται, τὸ μὲν ψυχρὸν βλάπτει, τὸ δὲ θερμὸν ὠφελέει.
Since whatever arises from cold, or whatever becomes rough and millet-like, and then scabs over, the cold harms, but the warm benefits.
Ἃ δὲ ἄμφω ὠφελέει, τὰ ἐν ἄρθροισιν οἰδήματα, καὶ ἄνευ ἕλκεος ποδαγρικὰ, καὶ σπάσματα πλεῖστα, τοῦτο ψυχρὸν πολλὸν καταχεόμενον ῥηΐζει, ἰσχναίνει καὶ ὀδύνην ναρκοῖ, νάρκη δὲ μετρίη ὀδύνης ληκτικόν· καὶ τὸ θερμὸν ἰσχναίνει καὶ μαλθάσσει.
What benefits both are swellings in the joints, gout without wounds, and most spasms; for these, a large amount of cold water poured over them gives relief, reduces swelling, and numbs the pain, and moderate numbness puts an end to pain; and the warm also reduces swelling and softens.
Τοῖσι δὲ ποδαγρικοῖσι, παρέσεσι, τετάνοισι, σπασμοῖσι, τὰ τοιαῦτα· συντάσιες, τρόμοι, παραπληγίαι, τὰ τοιαῦτα· χαλάσιες, νάρκαι, ἀναυδίαι, τὰ τοιαῦτα· κάτωθεν ἀπολήμψιες, φυλάσσεσθαι δὲ ἐν τῇ ψυχρᾷ χρήσει, ψυχροῖσι χρεόμενος μᾶλλον ἢ τἀναντία.
For those with gout, paralyses, tetanus, spasms, these are suitable; for stiffness, tremors, paraplegias, these are suitable; for relaxations, numbness, loss of speech, these are suitable; for stoppages from below, one must be careful in the use of cold, using cold rather than the opposite.
Τὰ δὲ ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα ἐσκληρυσμένα ἢ ὑπὸ φλεγμονῆς ποτε γενομένης ἢ ἀγκύλης, προυργιαίτατα, ἐς ἀσκίον θερμὰ ἐγχέοντας, τὴν χεῖρα ἐναποδῆσαι.
For parts hardened in the joints either from inflammation that once occurred or from ankylosis, it is most useful to pour warm liquids into a bladder and bind the hand inside.
Καὶ ὄμματα, δακρύου παρηγορικὸν καταλείφοντα, πρὸς τὰ δριμέα λίπος προσηνὲς, ὥστε μὴ ἅπτεσθαι τὸ ἁλμῶδες, καὶ τοῖσι βοθρίοισι διάνιψις καὶ πλήρωσις ἐς φύσιν ἄγουσα.
And for the eyes, applying what soothes tears, a gentle fat against sharp humors, so that the salty humors do not touch them, and for ulcers, washing and filling bring them back to their natural state.
Ὀφθαλμοῖσι θερμὸν ὀδύνῃσιν, ἐμπυήσεσι, δακρύων δακνωδέων, ξηροῖσιν ἅπασιν.
For the eyes, the warm is good for pain, suppurations, biting tears, and all dry conditions.
Τὸ ψυχρὸν, ἀνωδύνοισιν, ἐξερύθροισι· τοῖσι δὲ εἰθισμένοισι συστροφὰς κατὰ φλέβας ποιέον, οἷα χοιραδώδεα, κατὰ θώρηκα, καὶ ἄλλα σκληρά· ἀρχῷ δὲ καὶ ὑστέρῃσιν οὐ πάνυ ἐνδέχεται, αἷμα ἐν ψύχει οὐρέουσιν.
The cold is for painless, very red eyes; but for those accustomed to it, it causes congestion along the veins, producing things like scrofula in the chest, and other hard swellings; for the anus and uterus, it is not at all acceptable, for they pass bloody urine in the cold.
Ἕλκεσι τὸ μὲν ψυχρὸν δακνῶδες, δέρμα περισκληρύνει, ὀδυνώδεα ἀνεκπύητα ποιέει, πελιαίνει, μελαίνει, ῥίγεα πυρετώδεα, σπασμοὺς, τετάνους.
For wounds, the cold is biting, hardens the skin, makes them painful and without suppuration, makes them livid and black, and causes feverish chills, spasms, and tetanus.
Ἔστι δὲ ὅκου ἐπὶ τετάνῳ ἄνευ ἕλκεος νέῳ εὐσάρκῳ, θέρεος μέσου, ψυχροῦ πολλοῦ κατάχυσις θέρμης ἐπανάκλησιν ποιέει· θέρμη δὲ ταῦτα ῥύεται, τὰ δὲ ἐν κεφαλῇ καὶ καρηβαρίας.
But there are cases where, in tetanus without a wound, in a fleshy young man in the middle of summer, the pouring of much cold water causes a recall of heat; and warmth rescues from these, and also from symptoms in the head and headaches.
Τὸ θερμὸν ἐκπυητικὸν, οὐκ ἐπὶ παντὶ ἕλκει, μέγιστον σημεῖον ἐς ἀσφάλειαν, δέρμα μαλθάσσει, ἰσχναίνει, ἀνώδυνον, ῥιγέων, σπασμῶν, τετάνων παρηγορικόν· τὸ δ’ ἐν κεφαλῇ, καὶ καρηβαρίαν λύει·
The warm promotes suppuration, though not in every wound, which is the greatest sign for safety; it softens the skin, reduces swelling, is painless, and soothes chills, spasms, and tetanus; and that in the head also dissolves headaches.
πλεῖστον δὲ διαφέρει ὀστέων κατήγμασι, μᾶλλον δὲ τοῖσιν ἐψιλωμένοισι, τούτων δὲ μάλιστα τῶν ἐν κεφαλῇ τρώμασιν ἑκουσίοισι καὶ ἀκουσίοισι, καὶ ὅσα ὑπὸ ψύχεος ἢ θνήσκει ἢ ἑλκοῦται, ἔτι ἑλκώμασιν ἑκουσίοισί τε καὶ ἀκουσίοισιν, ἀπούρμασιν, ἕρπησιν ἐσθιομένοισι, μελαινομένοισιν ἐν νούσοισιν, ἀκοῇ, ἕδρῃ, ὑστέρῃ, τούτοισι πᾶσι τὸ θερμὸν φίλιον καὶ κρῖνον, τὸ δὲ ψυχρὸν πολέμιον καὶ κτεῖνον, πλὴν ὁκόσα αἱμοῤῥα· γέειν ἐλπίς.
It makes the greatest difference in fractures of bones, and more so in those that are bared, and of these especially in voluntary and involuntary wounds in the head, and whatever either dies or ulcerates from cold, and further in voluntary and involuntary ulcerations, abrasions, eating herpes, blackenings in diseases, hearing, the anus, the uterus; for all these the warm is friendly and decisive, while the cold is hostile and killing, except where there is a expectation of hemorrhage.
§77.
7.
Οὕτω κατάχυσις ὑγρῶν, ἐπίχρισις ἀλειπτῶν, ἐπίθεσις φύλλων ἢ ὀθονίων, κατάπλασις, ὁκόσα ἢ ψύξις ἢ θέρμη ὠφελέει ἢ βλάπτει.
Thus it is with the pouring of liquids, the application of ointments, the putting on of leaves or linen cloths, and poultices, in whatever way cooling or warming benefits or harms.