§1212.
12.
Οἱ τρόποι τῶν νούσων, τὰ μὲν συγγενικά ἐστιν εἰδέναι πυθόμενον, καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς χώρης (οἰκέονται γὰρ οἱ πολλοὶ, διὸ πλέονες ἴσασι), τὰ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ σώματος, καὶ τῶν διαιτημάτων, καὶ καταστάσιος τῆς νούσου, ἢ ἀπὸ ὡρέων.
As for the modes of diseases, some are congenital, to be known by inquiry, and some are from the locality (for many dwell in it, wherefore more know them); others are from the body, from the regimen, from the constitution of the disease, or from the seasons.
Αἱ δὲ χῶραι πρὸς τὰς ὥρας κακῶς κείμεναι τοιαῦτα τίκτουσι νουσήματα, ὁκοίη ἂν ἡ ὥρη, ταύτῃ ὁμοίως, οἷον ἀνώμαλον θάλπος ἢ ψῦχος τῆς αὐτῆς ἡμέρης, ὅταν τοιαῦτα ποιέῃ, φθινοπωρινὰ ἐν τῇ χώρῃ τὰ νουσήματα· καὶ ἐν τῇσιν ἄλλῃσιν ὥρῃσι κατὰ λόγον.
Localities situated unfavorably with respect to the seasons produce such diseases as correspond to each season; for instance, when there is irregular heat or cold on the same day, if such conditions occur, the diseases in that locality are autumnal, and in the other seasons in like proportion.
Τὰ μὲν ἀπὸ ὀδμέων βορβορωδέων ἢ ἑλωδέων, τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ ὑδάτων, λιθιῶντα, σπληνώδεα, τὰ τοιαῦτα δ᾿ ἀπὸ πνευμάτων χρηστῶν τε καὶ κακῶν.
Some are from muddy or marshy smells, and others from waters, such as calculus and spleen diseases, and such things are from beneficial or harmful winds.
§1313.
13.
Ὥρης δὲ οἷαι ἔσονται αἱ νοῦσοι καὶ καταστάσιες, ἐκ τῶνδε· ἢν αἱ ὧραι ὡραίως, εὐτάκτως, εὐκρινέας νούσους ποιέουσιν·
What kind of diseases and constitutions of the seasons will occur may be known from these: if the seasons proceed seasonably and orderly, they produce diseases with clear crises.
αἱ δὲ ἐπιχώριοι τῇσιν ὥρῃσι νοῦσοι δῆλαι τοὺς τρόπους· ὅ τι δ᾿ ἂν ἐξαλλάξῃ ἡ ὥρη, ὅμοια ἢ ἀνόμοια ἔσται τὰ νουσήματα, οἷα ἐν τῇ ὥρῃ ταύτῃ γίνεται·
On the other hand, the diseases peculiar to the seasons in each locality are clear in their modes; but if the season changes, the diseases will be similar or dissimilar to those which usually occur in that season.
ἢν δ᾿ ὁμοίως ἄγῃ, τοιουτότροπα καὶ ἐπὶ τοιοῦτο εἱλκυσμένα, οἷον ἴκτερον φθινοπωρινόν· ψύχεα γὰρ ἐκ θαλπέων, καὶ θάλπος ἐκ ψύχεος·
If it continues in the same course, they are of a similar mode and drawn towards such a condition, like the autumnal jaundice; for cold comes after heat, and heat after cold.
καὶ ἢν τὸ θερινὸν χολῶδες γένηται, καὶ αὐξηθὲν ἐγκαταλειφθῇ, καὶ ὑπόσπληνοι.
And if the summer condition becomes bilious, and being increased is left behind, splenetic diseases also occur.
Ὅταν οὖν καὶ ἦρ οὕτως ἀγάγῃ, καὶ ἦρος γίνονται ἴκτεροι· ἐγγυτάτω γὰρ αὕτη ἡ κίνησις τῇ ὥρῃ κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ εἶδός ἐστιν.
When, therefore, spring also proceeds in this manner, jaundice occurs in spring too; for this transition is nearest to the season in this form.
Ὅταν δὲ θέρος γένηται ἦρι ὅμοιον, ἱδρῶτες ἐν τοῖσι πυρετοῖσι, καὶ εὔτροποι, καὶ οὐ κατόξεες, οὐδὲ κατάξηροι γλώσσῃσιν.
But when summer becomes like spring, sweats occur in fevers, and they are easily changeable, neither very acute nor very dry in the tongues.
Ὅταν δὲ χειμέριον γένηται ἦρ καὶ ὀπισθοχειμὼν, χειμεριναὶ καὶ αἱ νοῦσοι, καὶ βηχώδεες, καὶ περιπλευμονικαὶ, καὶ κυναγχικαί.
But when spring becomes like winter, with winter returning, the diseases are also winter-like, with coughs, pleurisies, and quinsies.
Καὶ φθινοπώρου, ἢν μὴ ἐν ὥρῃ καὶ ἐξαίφνης χειμάσῃ, μὴ ξυνεχέως τοιαύτας νούσους ποιέει διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐν, ὥρῃ ἦρχθαι, ἀλλὰ ἀνώμαλα γίνεται· διόπερ καὶ αἱ ὧραι ἄκριτοι καὶ ἀκατάστατοι γίνονται, ὥσπερ καὶ αἱ νοῦσοι, ἐὰν προεκρηγνύωνται, ἢ προκρίνωνται, ἢ ἐγκαταλείπωνται· φιλυπόστροφοι γὰρ καὶ αἱ ὧραι γίνονται, οὕτω νοσοποιέουσαι.
And in autumn, if it grows cold suddenly and unseasonably, it does not produce such diseases continuously because it did not begin in season, but they become irregular; wherefore the seasons also become uncritical and unsettled, just like the diseases, if they break out prematurely, or have premature crises, or are left behind; for the seasons also become prone to relapse, thus causing diseases.
Προσλογιστέον οὖν, ὁκοίως ἂν ἔχοντα τὰ σώματα αἱ ὧραι παραλαμβάνωσιν.
One must, therefore, take into account in what condition of the body the seasons receive it.
§1414.
14.
Νότοι βαρυήκοοι, ἀχλυώδεες, καρηβαρικοὶ, νωθροὶ, διαλυτικοί· ὅταν οὗτος δυναστεύῃ, τοιουτότροπα ἐν τῇσι νούσοισι πάσχουσιν· ἕλκεα μαδαρὰ, μάλιστα στόμα, αἰδοῖον, καὶ τἄλλα.
South winds cause hardness of hearing, dimness of sight, headache, heaviness, and relaxation; when this wind rules, they suffer in this manner in diseases: moist ulcers, especially of the mouth, genitals, and the rest.
Ἢν δὲ βόρειον, βῆχες, φάρυγγες, κοιλίαι σκληρότεραι, δυσουρίαι φρικώδεες, ὀδύναι πλευρέων, στηθέων, ὁκόταν οὗτος δυναστεύῃ, τοιαῦτα προσδέχεσθαι μᾶλλον τὰ νουσήματα.
But if it is a north wind, coughs, sore throats, harder bellies, painful dysury with shivering, pains of the sides and chest; when this wind rules, one should rather expect such diseases.
Ἢν μᾶλλον πλεονάζῃ, αὐχμοῖσιν οἱ πυρετοὶ ἕπονται καὶ ὄμβροισιν, ἐξ ὁποίων ἂν οἱ πλεονασμοὶ μεταπέσωσι, καὶ ὅκως ἂν ἔχοντα τὰ σώματα παραλάβωσιν ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρης ὥρης, καὶ ὁκοιουτινοσοῦν χυμοῦ δυναστεύοντος ἐν τῷ σώματι.
If it is more excessive, fevers follow with droughts and rains, depending on what kind of excesses they transition from, and in what condition they receive the bodies from the other season, and whatever humor is ruling in the body.
Ἀτὰρ ἀνυδρίαι νότιαι, βόρειαι· διαφέρει γὰρ καὶ τἄλλα οὕτω· μέγα γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο· ἄλλος γὰρ ἐν ἄλλῃ ὥρῃ καὶ χώρῃ μέγας, οἷον τὸ θέρος χολοποιὸν, ἦρ ἔναιμον, τἄλλα ὡς ἕκαστα.
However, southern droughts differ from northern ones; for other things also differ in this way, and this is also of great importance; for one thing is great in one season and place, another in another, as summer produces bile, spring blood, and the rest according to each.
§1515.
15.
Αἱ μεταβολαὶ μάλιστα τίκτουσι νουσήματα, καὶ αἱ μέγισται μάλιστα, καὶ ἐν τῇσιν ὥρῃσιν αἱ μεγάλαι μεταλλαγαὶ, καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν ἄλλοισιν· αἳ δ᾿ ἐκ προσαγωγῆς γίνονται, αἱ ὧραι αὗται ἀσφαλέσταται, ὥσπερ καὶ δίαιται καὶ ψῦχος καὶ θάλπος μάλιστα ἐκ προσαγωγῆς, καὶ ἡλικίαι οὕτω μεταβαλλόμεναι.
Changes especially produce diseases, and the greatest changes especially, both the great transitions in the seasons and in other things; but those which take place gradually, these seasons are the safest, just as regimen, cold, and heat are safest when gradual, and so also ages changing.