§2121.
21.
Τοῦ δὲ ἔξω τἀναντία καὶ τὰ σημεῖα καὶ αἱ στάσιες· καὶ τὸ γόνυ καὶ ὁ ποὺς ἔσω ῥέπει βραχύ.
In case of dislocation outward, both the signs and the attitudes are the opposite; and the knee and the foot incline slightly inward.
Τοῖσι δὲ ἐν αὐξήσει ἢ ἐκ γενεῆς παθοῦσιν οὐχ ὁμοίως ξυναύξεται κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον· ἰσχίον ἀνωτέρω τινὶ, οὐχ ὁμοίως.
In those who suffer this during growth or from birth, the limbs do not grow together in the same proportion; the hip-joint is higher in some, and not uniform.
Οἷσι δὲ πυκνὰ ἐκπίπτει ἐς τὸ ἔξω ἄνευ φλεγμονῆς, ὑγροτέρῳ τῷ σκέλει χρῶνται· ὥσπερ ὁ μέγας τῆς χειρὸς δάκτυλος· μάλιστα γὰρ οὗτος ἐκπίπτει φύσει·
Those in whom dislocation outward occurs frequently without inflammation use the leg more pliantly, just like the thumb of the hand; for this one especially dislocates by nature.
οἷς μὲν ἐκπίπτει μᾶλλον ἢ ἧσσον, καὶ οἷς μὲν ἐκπίπτει χαλεπώτερον ἢ ῥᾷον, καὶ οἷσιν ἐλπὶς θᾶσσον ἐμπεσεῖν, καὶ οἷσιν οὐκ, ἄκη τούτου, καὶ οἷσι πολλάκις ἐκπίπτει, ἴησις τούτου.
In whom it dislocates more or less, and in whom it dislocates with more difficulty or more easily, and in whom there is hope of speedy reduction, and in whom not—there are remedies for this, and the treatment for those in whom it dislocates often.
Ἐκ γενεῆς δὲ, ἠ ἐπ᾿ αὐξήσει, ἢ ἐν νούσῳ, μάλιστα γὰρ ἐκ νούσου, ἔστι μὲν οὖν οἷσιν ἐπισφακελίζει τὸ ὀστέον, ἀτὰρ καὶ οἷσι μὴ, πάσχει μὲν πάντα, ἧσσον δὲ ἢ τὸ ἔσω, ἢν χρηστῶς ἐπιμεληθῶσιν, ὥστε, καὶ ὅλῳ βαίνοντας τῷ ποδὶ, διαῤῥίπτειν· διὰ μελέτης πλείστης, τοῖσι νηπιωτάτοισιν·
If from birth, or during growth, or through disease—for it happens mostly from disease—there are some in whom the bone becomes necrosed, and others in whom it does not; but all parts suffer, though less than in the case of inward dislocation, if they are properly cared for, so that they can even walk treading on the whole foot and swing the leg outward; through the greatest training, in the youngest children.
ἐαθέντα κακοῦται, ἐπιμεληθέντα δὲ ὠφελέεται· τοῖσιν ὅλοισιν, ἧσσον δέ τι, μινύθουσιν.
If neglected, it grows worse; if cared for, it benefits; they waste away in general, but somewhat less.
§2222.
22.
Οἷσι δ᾿ ἂν ἀμφότερα οὕτως ἐκπέσῃ, τῶν ὀστέων ταὐτὰ παθήματα· εὔσαρκοι μὲν, πλὴν ἔσωθεν, ἐξεχέγλουτοι, ῥοικοὶ μηροὶ, ἢν μὴ ἐπισφακελίσῃ.
In those in whom both joints are dislocated in this manner, the affections of the bones are the same; they are well-fleshed except on the inner side, with prominent buttocks, and bow-legged thighs, unless necrosis occurs.
Εἰ κυφοὶ τὰ ἄνωθεν ἰσχίων γένοιντο, ὑγιηροὶ μὲν, ἀναυξέες δὲ τὸ σῶμα, πλὴν κεφαλῆς.
If they become humpbacked in the parts above the hips, they are healthy, but their body does not grow, except for the head.
§2323.
23.
Οἷσι δὲ ὄπισθεν, σημεῖα, ἔμπροσθεν λαπαρώτερον, ὄπισθεν ἐξέχον, ποὺς ὀρθὸς, ξυγκάμπτειν οὐ δύνανται, εἰ μὴ μετ᾿ ὀδύνης, ἐκτείνειν ἥκιστα· τούτοισι σκέλος βραχύτερον.
In those with dislocation backward, the signs are: emptiness in front, prominence behind, the foot straight, they cannot flex without pain, and can extend least of all; in these, the leg is shorter.
Ἀτὰρ οὐδ᾿ ἐκτανύειν δύνανται κατ᾿ ἰγνύην ἢ κατὰ βουβῶνα, ἢν μὴ πάνυ αἴρωσιν, οὐδὲ ξυγκάμπτειν.
Indeed, they can neither extend the limb at the ham nor at the groin unless they lift it very high, nor can they flex it.
Ἡγεῖται ἐν τοῖσι πλείστοισι τὸ ἄνω ἄρθρον τὸ πρῶτον· κοινὸν τοῦτο ἄρθροισι, νεύροισι, μυσὶν, ἐντέροισιν, ὑστέρησιν, ἄλλοισιν, Ταύτῃ τοῦ ἰσχίου τὸ ὀστέον καταφερὲς ἐς τὸν γλουτὸν, διὰ τοῦτο βραχὺ, καὶ ὅτι ἐκτείνειν οὐ δύνανται.
In most things, the upper, first joint takes the lead; this is common to joints, tendons, muscles, intestines, uteri, and other things. In this direction, the bone of the hip is inclined downward toward the buttock, and for this reason the limb is short, and also because they cannot extend it.
Σάρκες παντὸς τοῦ σκέλεος ἐν πᾶσι μινύθουσιν· ἐφ᾿ οἷσι δὲ μάλιστα, καὶ οἷ, εἴρηται.
The flesh of the entire leg wastes away in all cases; in whom it wastes most, and how, has been said.
Τὰ ἔργα τὰ ἑωυτοῦ ἕκαστον τοῦ σώματος ἐργαζόμενον μὲν ἰσχύει, ἀργέον δὲ κακοῦται, πλὴν κόπου, πυρετοῦ, φλεγμονῆς.
Each part of the body, when performing its own function, becomes strong, but when idle, it becomes impaired, except in cases of fatigue, fever, or inflammation.
Καὶ τὸ ἔξω, ὅτι ἐς σάρκα ὑπείκουσαν, βραχύτερον, τὸ δὲ ἔσω, ὅτι ἐπ᾿ ὀστέον προέχον, μακρότερον.
And the outward dislocation is shorter because the bone yields into the soft flesh, while the inward is longer because it rests upon a protruding bone.
Ἢν μὲν οὖν ηὐξημένοισι μὴ ἐμπέσῃ, ἐπὶ βουβῶσι καμπύλοι ὁδοιπορέουσι, καὶ ἡ ἑτέρη ἰγνύη κάμπτεται· στήθεσι μόλις ἱκνεῖται· χειρὶ τὸ σκέλος καταλαμβάνει, ἄνευ ξύλου, ἢν ἐθέλωσιν· ἢν μὲν γὰρ μακρότερον ᾖ, οὐ βήσεται· ἢν δὲ βαίνῃ, βραχύ.
If, then, it is not reduced in those who have reached full growth, they walk bent at the groins, and the other knee is bent; they can scarcely raise themselves upright with their chest; they grasp the leg with the hand, without a staff, if they wish; for if the limb were longer, they could not walk, but if they walk, it is short.
Μινύθησις δὲ σαρκῶν· οἷσι πόνοι, καὶ ἡ ἴξις ἔμπροσθεν, καὶ τῷ ὑγιεῖ κατὰ λόγον.
And there is wasting of the flesh; in whom there are pains, and the direction is forward, and the healthy side wastes away proportionally.
Οἷσι δὲ ἐκ γενεῆς, ἢ αὐξομένοισιν, ἢ ὑπὸ νούσου ἐνόσησε καὶ ἔξαρθρα ἐγένετο (ἐν αἷς, εἰρήσεται), οὗτοι μάλιστα κακοῦνται διὰ τὴν τῶν νεύρων καὶ ἄρθρων ἀργίην· καὶ τὸ γόνυ διὰ τὰ εἰρημένα ξυγκακοῦνται.
Those in whom this disease and dislocation occurred from birth, or during growth, or from disease (in which diseases, will be told later), these suffer most because of the idleness of the tendons and joints; and the knee is also impaired along with them for the reasons stated.
Ξυγκεκαμμένον οὗτοι ἔχοντες ὁδοιπορέουσιν ἐπὶ ξύλου ἑνὸς ἢ δύο· τὸ δὲ ὑγιὲς, εὔσαρκον διὰ χρῆσιν.
They walk with the limb bent, using one or two staffs; but the healthy limb is well-fleshed because of its use.