§1818.
18.
Τῶν δὲ παιδίων τὰ ὀστέα καὶ λεπτότερά ἐστι καὶ μαλθακώτερα διὰ τοῦτο, ὅτι ἐναιμότερά ἐστι, καὶ κοῖλα, καὶ σηραγγώδεα, καὶ οὔτε πυκνὰ, οὔτε στερεά.
The bones of children are both thinner and softer for this reason, because they are more bloody, and hollow, and porous, and neither dense nor solid.
Καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν βελέων ἴσων τε ἐόντων καὶ ἀσθενεστέρων, καὶ τρωθέντων ὁμοίως τε καὶ ἧσσον, τὸ τοῦ νεωτέρου παιδίου καὶ μᾶλλον καὶ θᾶσσον ὑποπυΐσκεται, ἢ τὸ τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου, καὶ ἐν ἐλάσσονι χρόνῳ· καὶ ὅσα ἂν ἄλλως μέλλῃ ἀποθανεῖσθαι ἐκ τοῦ τρώματος, ὁ νεώτερος τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου θᾶσσον ἀπόλλυται.
And when they are wounded by missiles of equal or weaker force, and in a similar or lesser degree, the bone of a younger child suppurates both more and more quickly, and in a shorter time, than that of an older child; and in all other cases where one is otherwise destined to die from the wound, the younger dies more quickly than the older.
Ἀλλὰ χρὴ, ἢν ψιλωθῇ τῆς σαρκὸς τὸ ὀστέον, προσέχοντα τὸν νόον, πειρῆσθαι διαγινώσκειν ὅ τι μή ἐστι τοῖσιν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδεῖν, καὶ γνῶναι εἰ ἔῤῥωγε τὸ ὀστέον καὶ εἰ πέφλασται, ἢ μοῦνον πέφλασται, καὶ εἰ, ἕδρης γενομένης τοῦ βέλεος, πρόσεστι φλάσις, ἢ ῥωγμὴ, ἢ ἄμφω ταῦτα· καὶ ἤν τι τούτων πεπόνθῃ τὸ ὀστέον, ἀφεῖναι τοῦ αἵματος τρυπῶντα τὸ ὀστέον σμικρῷ τρυπάνῳ, φυλασσόμενον ἐπ᾿ ὀλίγον· λεπτότερον γὰρ τὸ ὀστέον, καὶ ἐπιπολαιότερον τῶν νέων ἢ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων.
But if the bone is bared of the flesh, one must pay attention and try to discern what is not possible to see with the eyes, and to know whether the bone is fractured, and whether it is contused, or only contused, and whether, when there is a mark of the missile, there is also a contusion, or a crack, or both of these; and if the bone has suffered any of these things, one must let out some blood by boring the bone with a small trepan, taking care to proceed a little at a time; for the bone of the young is both thinner and more superficial than that of older people.
§1919.
19.
Ὅστις δὲ μέλλει ἐκ τρωμάτων ἐν κεφαλῇ ἀποθνήσκειν, καὶ μὴ δυνατὸν αὐτὸν ὑγιᾶ γενέσθαι, μηδὲ σωθῆναι, ἐκ τῶνδε τῶν σημείων χρὴ τὴν διάγνωσιν ποιέεσθαι τοῦ μέλλοντος ἀποθνήσκειν, καὶ προλέγειν τὸ μέλλον ἔσεσθαι.
In the case of one who is destined to die from wounds in the head, and who cannot become healthy or be saved, one must make the prognosis of him who is destined to die from the following signs, and foretell what is going to happen.
Πάσχει γὰρ τάδε· ὁκόταν τις ὀστέον κατεηγὸς, ἢ ἐῤῥωγὸς, ἢ πεφλασμένον, ἢ ὅτῳ γοῦν τρόπῳ κατεηγὸς μὴ ἐννοήσας ἁμάρτῃ, καὶ μήτε ξύσῃ, μήτε πρίσῃ, δεόμενον, μεθῇ δὲ ὡς ὑγιέος ὄντος τοῦ ὀστέου, πρὸ τῶν τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα ἡμερέων πυρετὸς ἐπιλήψεται ὡς ἐπὶ πουλὺ ἐν χειμῶνι· ἐν δὲ τῷ θέρει μετὰ τὰς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ὁ πυρετὸς ἐπιλαμβάνει.
For he suffers these things: whenever someone, failing to recognize that a bone is broken, or cracked, or contused, or broken in any way whatsoever, makes a mistake, and neither scrapes it nor saws it when it requires it, but leaves it alone as if the bone were sound, a fever will seize him, for the most part within fourteen days in winter, while in summer the fever seizes after seven days.
Καὶ ἐπειδὰν τοῦτο γένηται, τὸ ἕλκος ἄχροον γίνεται· καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἰχὼρ ῥέει σμικρός· καὶ τὸ φλεγμαῖνον ἐκτέθνηκεν ἐξ αὐτοῦ· καὶ γλισχρῶδες γίνεται, καὶ φαίνεται ὥσπερ τάριχος, χροιὴν πυῤῥὸν, ὑποπέλιον· καὶ τὸ ὀστέον σφακελίζειν τηνικαῦτα ἄρχεται, καὶ γίνεται περκνὸν, λευκὸν ὂν, τελευταῖον δὲ ἔπωχρον γενόμενον ἢ ἔκλευκον.
And when this happens, the wound becomes colorless, and a little ichor flows from it, and the inflamed part in it dies; and it becomes slimy, and looks like dried fish, in color reddish-brown or somewhat livid; and the bone then begins to mortify, and becomes dark, though it was white, and finally becomes yellowish-white or pale white.
Ὅταν δ᾿ ἤδη ὑπόπυον ᾖ, ἐπὶ τῇ γλώσσῃ φλυκταῖναι γίνονται, καὶ παραφρονέων τελευτᾷ.
And when there is already suppuration, pustules appear on the tongue, and he dies in delirium.
Καὶ σπασμὸς ἐπιλαμβάνει τοὺς πλείστους τὰ ἐπὶ θάτερα τοῦ σώματος· ἢν μὲν ἐν τῷ ἐπ᾿ ἀριστερὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἔχη τὸ ἕλκος, τὰ ἐπὶ δεξιὰ τοῦ σώματος ὁ σπασμὸς λαμβάνει· ἢν δ᾿ ἐν τῷ ἐπὶ δεξιὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἔχῃ τὸ ἕλκος, τὰ ἐπ᾿ ἀριστερὰ τοῦ σώματος ὁ σπασμὸς ἐπιλαμβάνει.
And spasm seizes most of them on one side of the body: if he has the wound on the left side of the head, the spasm seizes the right side of the body; and if he has the wound on the right side of the head, the spasm seizes the left side of the body.
Εἰσὶ δ᾿ οἳ καὶ ἀπόπληκτοι γίνονται.
There are some who also become apoplectic.
Καὶ οὕτως ἀπόλλυνται πρὸ ἑπτὰ ἡμερέων ἐν θέρει, ἢ τεσσάρων καὶ δέκα ἐν χειμῶνι.
And thus they die before seven days in summer, or fourteen in winter.
Ὁμοίως δὲ τὰ σημεῖα ταῦτα σημαίνει, καὶ ἐν πρεσβυτέρῳ ἐόντι τῷ τρώματι, ἢ καὶ ἐν νεωτέρῳ.
These signs indicate the same, whether the wound is older or newer.
Ἀλλὰ χρὴ, εἰ ἐννοοίης τὸν πυρετὸν ἐπιλαμβάνοντα, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τι σημεῖον τούτῳ προσγενόμενον, μὴ διατρίβειν, ἀλλὰ πρίσαντα τὸ ὀστέον πρὸς τὴν μήνιγγα, ἢ καταξύσαντα τῷ ξυστῆρι (εὔπριστον δὲ γίνεται καὶ εὔξυστον), ἔπειτα τὰ λοιπὰ οὕτως ἰητρεύειν, ὅκως ἂν δοκέῃ ξυμφέρειν, πρὸς τὸ γινόμενον ὁρῶν.
But if you perceive the fever seizing, and any other of these signs added to it, you must not delay, but having sawed the bone to the membrane, or having scraped it down with the scraper (for it becomes easy to saw and easy to scrape), then treat the rest in such a way as seems to be beneficial, looking to what happens.